沉积盆地热历史研究方法的基本原理与进展

发布时间：2018-04-08 08:14

本文选题：沉积盆地　切入点：热历史　出处：《地学前缘》2017年03期

【摘要】：沉积盆地的热历史研究对盆地的动力学研究和油气成藏研究都具有重要的意义,已经成为当前盆地分析的一个热点及前沿领域。沉积盆地的热历史研究包括岩石圈尺度上的构造热演化法和盆地尺度上的古温标法,而两者都经历了从定性到半定量再到定量的发展过程。文章综述了目前沉积盆地热历史研究方法的基本原理和进展。构造热演化法按照不同的动力学机制将盆地划分成不同的类型:伸展盆地、前陆挠曲盆地、克拉通盆地、走滑拉分盆地。不同类型盆地的定量模型彼此各不相同。古温标方法的种类繁多,但各种方法都拥有自身的特点。文章综述了镜质体反射率、沥青反射率及镜状体反射率、裂变径迹、(U-Th)/He定年方法、有机质自由基浓度、岩石热声发射等古温标方法。利用古温标法进行热史反演,主要通过随机演化法、古地温梯度法、古热流法3种基本方法。此外,采用多种古温标耦合同步反演可以极大程度上提高反演结果的质量。因为单纯使用构造热演化法或古温标法存在较大的不确定性和多解性,所以利用计算机软件将二者结合使用成了沉积盆地热历史研究的趋势。
[Abstract]:Study on the thermal history of sedimentary basin dynamics and oil on basin gas reservoir research has important significance, has become a hot spot of basin analysis and frontier field. The thermal history of sedimentary basins including paleothermometers method on the scale of a basin and tectonic thermal evolution of the lithosphere, and both experienced from qualitative to semi quantitative and quantitative development process. This article reviews the basic principle and the current progress of the thermal history of sedimentary basins. Research methods of tectonic thermal evolution method according to the different dynamic mechanism of the basin can be divided into different types: extensional basin, foreland flexural basin, cratonic basin, strike slip basin. A quantitative model for different types of basin types vary from one another. Paleothermometers method is various, but each method has its own characteristics. This article reviews the vitrinite reflectance, reflectance of bitumen and mirror The shape of the reflectance, fission track, (U-Th) /He dating method, the concentration of organic radicals, rock thermal acoustic emission paleothermometers method. Thermal history inversion using paleothermometers method, mainly through random evolution, paleogeothermal gradient method, 3 basic methods of palaeo heat flow method. In addition, the quality of the various ancient is the coupling step inversion can improve the inversion results greatly. Because of the simple use of tectonic thermal evolution method or paleothermometer method have great uncertainty and ambiguity, so the use of computer software will use the combination of the two studied sedimentary basin thermal history trend.

【作者单位】：中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)子课题“页岩气成熟度预测技术”(XDB10010505)
【分类号】：P314;P542;P618.13

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