加勒比地区原型盆地发育特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用

发布时间：2018-04-08 19:16

  本文选题：加勒比板块　切入点：构造演化　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：加勒比板块被科科斯板块、纳兹卡板块、南美板块、北美板块以及大西洋所围限。加勒比板块周缘地区油气资源丰富但分布很不均匀。论文以加勒比地区为研究对象,对加勒比地区中生代以来的构造演化、原型盆地的发育特征、构造演化与原型盆地发育之间的耦合关系以及原型盆地演化对油气成藏的控制作用开展了研究工作,并对有利区带做了预测。中生代以来,加勒比地区的构造演化可以分为四个主要阶段:1)侏罗纪时期:北美板块及南美板块逐渐分离,晚侏罗世,古加勒比海槽基本打开,加勒比板块开始形成。2)白垩纪时期:古加勒比弧形成并向东北方向移动,晚白垩世时期中美洲火山岛弧开始发育,加勒比板块与太平洋板块分离,并向东北方向移动。3)白垩纪末期—始新世:古新世,古加勒比弧北东向与巴哈马台地碰撞,古新世末期古加勒比弧与北美板块在古巴地区的碰撞拼合作用完成。4)始新世至今:加勒比板块相对于北美板块和南美板块开始逐渐向东运动。构造演化性质在时空上的差异性,导致了加勒比板块及其周边不同沉积组合的原型盆地的发育:1)北缘大安的列斯岛弧带发育前陆盆地、弧后盆地及被动大陆边缘盆地。2)西缘古陆块上发育弧后盆地和弧前盆地。3)东缘小安的列斯岛弧俯冲带上发育弧后盆地、弧前盆地与增生楔。4)南缘发育弧后盆地、前陆盆地、被动大陆边缘盆地。5)加勒比板块上主要发育洋盆。不同类型的原型盆地具有不同的沉积充填特征,例如前陆盆地多为碎屑岩沉积、被动大陆边缘盆地多为碳酸盐岩沉积。相应地控制了盆地的沉积相发育类型和盆地的油气成藏条件。预测:南缘前陆盆地油气资源非常丰富,北缘被动大陆边缘盆地次之,而其他地区裂谷盆地、弧后盆地、弧前盆地油气资源相对匮乏。
[Abstract]:The Caribbean plate is bounded by the Cocos, Nazca, South American, North American and Atlantic plates.The area around the Caribbean plate is rich in oil and gas resources but unevenly distributed.Taking the Caribbean region as the research object, the paper studies the tectonic evolution and the development characteristics of the prototype basins in the Caribbean region since the Mesozoic.The coupling relationship between tectonic evolution and prototype basin development and the controlling effect of prototype basin evolution on oil and gas accumulation are studied and the favorable zones are predicted.Since Mesozoic, the tectonic evolution of the Caribbean region can be divided into four main stages: the Jurassic period: the North American plate and the South American plate gradually separated, the late Jurassic, the paleo-Caribbean trough basically opened,The Caribbean plate began to form. 2) Cretaceous period: Paleo-Caribbean arc formed and moved northeast, Central American volcanic island arc began to develop during the late Cretaceous, and the Caribbean plate separated from the Pacific plate.Moving to the northeast. 3) late Cretaceous-Eocene: Paleocene, Paleocene arc NE collision with Bahamian platform,At the end of the Paleocene, the collision of the Paleocene arc and the North American plate in Cuba was completed. 4) from the Eocene to the present, the Caribbean plate began to move eastward with respect to the North American plate and the South American plate.The difference in temporal and spatial characteristics of tectonic evolution resulted in the development of Foreland basins in the northern margin of the greater Antilles island arc belt, which resulted in the development of prototype basins in the Caribbean plate and its surrounding sedimentary assemblages.Back-arc basin and passive continental margin basin .2) the back-arc basin and fore-arc basin are developed on the paleocontinent block in the western margin. 3) the small Antilles island arc subduction belt in the eastern margin develops a back-arc basin, a back-arc basin and an accretive wedge .4) a back-arc basin, a Foreland basin, and an accretive wedge .4).Passive continental margin basin. 5) the ocean basin is mainly developed on the Caribbean plate.Different types of prototype basins have different characteristics of sedimentary filling, such as detrital deposits in Foreland basins and carbonate deposits in passive continental margin basins.The sedimentary facies development type and oil and gas accumulation conditions of the basin are controlled accordingly.Prediction: the southern Foreland basin is rich in oil and gas resources, while the northern margin passive continental margin basin is the second, while the other rift basin, back-arc basin and forearc basin are relatively scarce.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P618.13
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本文编号：1722996