基于数字图像的岩体结构面参数解译与网络模型研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 12:39

本文选题：岩体结构面 + 数字近景摄影测量　；参考：《南京理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：结构面是岩体中力学强度相对较薄弱的部位,对岩体的变形、破坏方式和水力学等性质起着重要的控制作用,因而结构面的研究是岩体力学中的重要内容。随着数字信息技术的发展,岩体结构面的量测统计方法已由传统繁琐、低效的现场接触式测量方式转变为高精度、高效率的非接触式量测,如近景摄影测量法和三维激光扫描等,以此为基础建立的结构面三维网络模型,为工程岩体的稳定性、渗透性等工程特性的研究奠定了基础,对工程建设具有很强的现实意义。本文以甘肃北山花岗岩岩体结构面为研究对象,以多基线数字近景摄影测量为基础,结合点云模型拼接及曲面重构的方法来获取岩体结构面的参数信息。同时,为了获得更加精确的结构面三维网络模型,提出了将岩体分区与差分进化算法相结合,以实测面密度为基准的结构面体密度优化方法,用该方法建立的结构面网络模型,在工程应用领域有良好的发展前景。本文取得的研究成果具体如下：(1)采用多基线数字近景摄影测量的匹配与交会求解方法,进行露头面特征点三维坐标求解,通过与单基线方法求得的结果以及实测值进行对比,可得该方法有更高的解译精度；(2)利用点云模型拼接的方法,对范围较大测区进行模型重构,有效还原了露头面的完整形态,并在重构模型上导入裂隙路径,同时布置连续的圆形与矩形模拟测窗,计算可得结构面面密度与平均迹长；(3)在普通PC平台上,基于差分进化算法开发了对于常规DLT法无法求解的成线状分布的结构面产状解译软件,并将计算结果与实测统计值进行对比,经实例验证求解精度较高,满足实际工程的需要；(4)利用差分进化算法编制了结构面体密度优化的计算软件,同时可得与该分区面密度和体密度相对应的裂隙圆盘空间位置分布的参数信息,用此数据可以建立确定性程度更高的结构面三维网络模型。
[Abstract]:Structural plane is a relatively weak part of rock mass, which plays an important role in controlling the deformation, failure mode and hydraulic properties of rock mass, so the study of structural plane is an important content in rock mass mechanics.With the development of digital information technology, the statistical method of rock mass structure plane measurement has changed from the traditional cumbersome and inefficient field contact measurement method to the high precision and high efficiency non-contact measurement method.The 3D network model of structural plane based on close-range photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning has laid a foundation for the study of engineering characteristics such as stability and permeability of engineering rock mass and has a strong practical significance for engineering construction.In this paper, the structural plane of the granite rock mass in Beishan, Gansu Province is taken as the research object, and the parameter information of the rock mass structural joint is obtained based on the multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry and the method of combining the cloud model and the surface reconstruction.At the same time, in order to obtain a more accurate three-dimensional network model of structural plane, a structural plane density optimization method, which combines rock mass zoning with differential evolution algorithm and based on the measured surface density, is proposed, and the structural plane network model is established by this method.It has a good prospect in engineering application field.The research results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) the method of matching and rendezvous of multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry is used to solve the 3D coordinates of outcrop feature points, and the results obtained by the single-baseline method and the measured values are compared.It can be concluded that this method has higher interpretation accuracy. By using the method of point cloud model splicing, the model reconstruction of a large range of measured area is carried out, and the complete shape of outcrop surface is reduced effectively, and the crack path is introduced on the reconstruction model.At the same time, continuous circular and rectangular simulated windows are arranged to calculate the surface density and average trace length of the structure on the common PC platform.Based on the differential evolution algorithm, a structure plane shape interpretation software for linear distribution, which can not be solved by conventional DLT method, is developed, and the calculated results are compared with the measured statistical values, and the accuracy of the solution is proved to be high by an example.In order to meet the needs of practical engineering, the software of optimization of structural surface density is developed by using differential evolution algorithm, and the parameter information of the spatial distribution of crack disk corresponding to the area density and volume density of the structure can be obtained at the same time.Using this data, a more deterministic 3D network model of structural plane can be established.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU45

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