FG地区二维地震资料采集技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 01:02

本文选题：FG地区 + 地震采集　；参考：《成都理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着油气勘探行业技术与规模的不断发展,目前已经不再有简单地震地质条件下的常规地质模型的大型油气田,复杂地震地质条件的中小油气田才是今后陆上勘探发展的趋势和选择。地震资料采集是后续处理和解释环节的基础,只有得到高质量的地震剖面才能对深层目的层进行精细的追踪解释工作,为油气勘探提供依据,因此,地震采集技术也急需向着适应复杂构造地区的方向发展。FG地区地表高低落差巨大,出露地层岩性复杂,表层切割严重,表层速度和厚度复杂多变,深部构造复杂,正是属于典型的复杂构造带。针对山地复杂构造地区的地震资料中存在的噪声发育,信噪比低,成像困难等问题,此次研究主要通过对其灵活观测系统设计,激发接收参数优选,以及精细表层结构调查方案等采集技术进行探索,借助前人的理论研究和近年来的采集实践经验,在以下几个方面展开研究:1、对以往地震资料采集的技术与方法展开调研工作,分析研究以常规采集技术采集的山地复杂构造带地震资料中所存在的问题。2、了解FG地区表层及深层的地震地质条件,在目标地区地震地质模型的基础上对其观测系统目标设计方法进行研究,主要方法为:建立FG地区的地震地质模型,利用模型正演的方法分析目标区的观测系统,针对不同深度的目的层,采用“分区、分段”设计观测系统的方式,并利用宽线接收的方法,改善目标地区成像质量。3、针对FG地区地表高地起伏剧烈且大面积出露灰岩的实际情况,研究怎样优选激发方式、激发参数,以及激发环境和接收环境。通过对以上几个方面的综合研究形成了一套复杂地质构造带的地震资料精细采集技术方案,取得了较好的勘探效果,为今后的山地复杂构造带的地震采集技术开辟了一条新的技术道路。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the technology and scale of oil and gas exploration industry, there are no longer large oil and gas fields with simple seismic geological model.The development trend and choice of onshore exploration are small and medium oil and gas fields with complex seismic geological conditions.Seismic data acquisition is the basis of subsequent processing and interpretation. Only by obtaining a high quality seismic profile can we trace and interpret the deep target layer in detail and provide the basis for oil and gas exploration.Seismic acquisition technology also needs to develop towards the direction of complex structural area. FG area has huge surface height drop, complex outcrop lithology, serious surface cutting, complex surface velocity and thickness, complex deep structure.It is a typical complex tectonic belt.In view of the problems of noise development, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and difficult imaging in seismic data in mountainous complex structural areas, this study is mainly based on the design of flexible observation system to stimulate the optimal selection of receiving parameters.With the help of previous theoretical research and practical experience in recent years, the research work on the techniques and methods of seismic data acquisition has been carried out in the following several aspects: 1.This paper analyzes and studies the problems existing in seismic data of mountainous complex tectonic belt collected by conventional acquisition technique, and understands the seismic geological conditions of surface and deep layers in FG area.Based on the seismic geological model of the target area, the target design method of the observation system is studied. The main methods are as follows: the seismic geological model in FG area is established, and the observation system of the target area is analyzed by using the forward modeling method.For the target layer of different depth, the method of "partition, subsection" is adopted to design the observation system, and the method of wide line receiving is used.In order to improve the imaging quality of the target area, this paper studies how to select the excitation mode, excitation parameters, excitation environment and receiving environment according to the actual situation that the surface of the FG area is highly undulating and large area exposed limestone.Through the comprehensive study of the above several aspects, a set of fine seismic data acquisition technology for complex geological structural zones has been formed, and good exploration results have been obtained.It opens a new way for seismic acquisition technology of mountainous complex tectonic belt in the future.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P631.4

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