西安市长安区滑坡崩塌灾害孕育规律及易发性分区评价研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 06:36

本文选题：长安区 + 滑坡崩塌　；参考：《西北大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：西安市长安区地形地貌多样,山、川、塬皆俱。秦岭北坡及黄土台塬边缘滑坡崩塌地质灾害发育,其分布广、危害严重,是陕西省地质灾害较严重的区之一。滑坡崩塌地质灾害严重威胁着本区人民生命和财产安全,影响着本地区经济社会的发展。本文以长安区为研究区域,在充分搜集长安区自然地理、气象水文、区域地质环境条件等资料的基础上,通过野外地质调查,结合长安区滑坡崩塌地质灾害点的实际调查资料,对长安区的滑坡崩塌地质灾害发育特征及分布规律进行了详细分析；运用GIS地学信息图谱和确定性系数CF法研究了长安区滑坡崩塌灾害的孕育规律,并应用模糊综合评判法对长安区滑坡崩塌灾害的易发性进行区划,得到易发性分区图。本文研究的主要内容有：(1)通过野外地质调查,结合长安区滑坡崩塌地质灾害点的实际调查资料,从物质组成、力学性质、诱发因素和滑体规模等多个方面对研究区滑坡和崩塌灾害进行了分类统计；详细地总结了长安区滑坡崩塌灾害发育现状：长安区滑坡崩塌总共103处,其中滑坡点67处,占灾害总数的65%,崩塌点36处,占灾害总数的35%；(2)通过GIS软件绘制了研究区的滑坡崩塌灾害分布图,结合实际调查资料,详细分析了长安区滑坡崩塌空间分布规律：由于长安区地貌多样,地形地貌差异大,故滑坡崩塌灾害的分布极不均匀。滑坡崩塌灾害有聚集性的特点,发育在南部秦岭山区和东部黄土台塬区和山前洪积扇区,而地形平坦的西部渭河冲积平原区地质灾害不发育；发育滑坡崩塌灾害点数量较多街道办有王莽,王曲,韦曲和子午；在时间分布上与降雨因素密切相关。(3)运用GIS地学信息图谱,从地面高程、坡度、坡向、工程地质岩组、与道路的距离、年均降雨量、与断裂的距离、与水系的距离等八个方面系统地研究了长安区滑坡崩塌地质灾害的成灾条件和孕育规律：滑坡崩塌灾害主要发育于以黄土及松散粘性碎石土为主的工程地质岩组中。在小于1350m高程范围,坡度在10°-30。范围,坡向向南,滑坡密集发育；在高程450-900m、坡度15-30。的缓坡范围内,崩塌发育密集；在距离道路1000m的范围,距离断裂1000m的范围,距离水系500m的范围,滑坡崩塌发育明显。(4)在对长安区滑坡崩塌地质灾害孕育规律研究的基础上,以灰色系统理论确定影响因子权重,以梯形函数确定定量因子隶属度的基础上采用模糊综合评判法对长安区滑坡崩塌地质灾害进行易发性区划,得到具体的区划结果。长安区滑坡崩塌易发性分区分为6个高易发区域(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6),3个中易发区(B1,B2,B3),1个低易发区(C)和1个不易发区(D)。
[Abstract]:Xi'an Changan District topography is diverse, mountains, rivers, tableland are all.The landslide collapse on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains and the margin of the Loess Plateau is one of the most serious geological hazards in Shaanxi Province, with its wide distribution and serious hazards.The landslide collapse geological disaster seriously threatens the people's life and property safety, and affects the economic and social development of the area.In this paper, taking Changan district as the research area, on the basis of fully collecting the data of natural geography, meteorology and hydrology, regional geological environment conditions and other data in Changan District, through field geological investigation, combined with the actual investigation data of landslide collapse geological hazard site in Changan District,The development characteristics and distribution of landslide collapse in Changan district are analyzed in detail, and the gestation law of landslide collapse in Changan area is studied by means of GIS geological information map and deterministic coefficient CF method.The vulnerability of landslide collapse in Changan district was zoned by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the map of vulnerability zoning was obtained.The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) through field geological survey, combining with the actual investigation data of landslide collapse geological hazard site in Changan District, from the material composition and mechanical properties,The inductive factors and the scale of landslide body were classified and counted, and the development status of landslide collapse disaster in Changan district was summarized in detail: there were 103 landslide collapses in Changan district, among which 67 were landslide spots.Taking up 65% of the total number of disasters, 36 collapse sites and 35% of the total number of disasters) the distribution map of landslide collapse disaster in the study area has been drawn by GIS software, and combined with the actual investigation data,The spatial distribution of landslide collapse in Changan area is analyzed in detail. Because of the diversity of landform and the difference of landform and geomorphology, the distribution of landslide collapse disaster is extremely uneven.The landslide collapse is characterized by accumulation, which is developed in the southern Qinling Mountains, the eastern loess tableland and the front flood sector, but the geological hazards are not developed in the Weihe River alluvial plain area in the western part of the region with flat topography.The development of landslide collapse disaster sites in the number of streets are Wang Mang, Wang qu, Wei qu and Meridian; and closely related to rainfall factors in time distribution.) using GIS geoscience information atlas, from the surface elevation, slope, slope direction, engineering geological rock formation,Distance from roads, annual rainfall, distance from fractures,In eight aspects, such as the distance from the water system, the formation conditions and gestation rules of the landslide collapse geological hazard in Changan district are systematically studied. The landslide collapse disaster mainly develops in the engineering geological rock formation of loess and loose cohesive gravel soil.In the range of less than 1350m elevation, the slope is 10 掳-30 掳.Range, slope south, landslide dense development; in elevation 450-900m, slope 15-30.In the range of 1000m from the road, 1000m from the fault, 500m from the water system, the development of the landslide collapse is obvious. 4) on the basis of the study on the laws of the geological hazard of landslide collapse in Changan district, the development of the landslide is dense, and the development of the landslide is obvious in the range of 1000m from the road, 1000m from the fault, 500m from the water system.Based on the grey system theory to determine the weight of the influencing factors and the trapezoidal function to determine the membership of quantitative factors, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to carry out the risk zoning of the landslide collapse geological hazards in Changan district, and the concrete regionalization results are obtained.The landslide collapse susceptibility zoning in Changan district is divided into 6 high risk areas: A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, B1B2B3, 1 low risk area (C3) and 1 non prone area (DX). The area with low risk of landslide collapse is divided into 6 high risk areas (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6).
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P642.2

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