哈山复杂构造带形成演化对油气成藏的控制作用

发布时间：2018-04-16 10:22

  本文选题：构造演化 + 有效烃源岩　； 参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：哈山构造带属于准西北缘逆掩冲断带的北段,处于准噶尔盆地与哈山的结合部位,其“内部”蕴涵着丰富的油气,多层系立体含油的良好勘探局面初见端倪。但由于地质结构复杂,不同区带油气富集程度存在明显差异,油气成藏主控因素及富集规律认识不清,制约了下步主攻勘探区带及目标的优选。为了适应现今优质高效勘探的要求,降低勘探风险及成本,亟需开展哈山构造带形成演化及其对油气成藏的控制作用研究,查明油气成藏规律,为研究区油气勘探提供一定指导。哈山构造带属逆冲推覆-冲断叠加+走滑改造“早衰型”山前带,整体表现为一大型逆冲推覆构造,划分出超剥带、外来推覆系统、前缘冲断带和准原地叠加系统4个地质单元,6期推覆体。受应力场转换、应力作用方式及充填地层属性的控制,呈“上下分层、南北分带、东西分段”的地质结构特征。剖面上分为2套构造层,即浅层超剥带和中深层推覆-冲断叠加带;自北向南划分为3个构造带,即北部的走滑改造带、中部的逆冲推覆-冲断带、南部的逆冲褶皱带和斜坡带;平面上分为三段,即西段下二叠统和石炭系逆冲推覆体叠置组合,中段三叠系和二叠系叠瓦冲断片体叠加组合和东段的断层相关褶皱叠加组合。以断层相关褶皱理论和复杂构造解析理论为指导,综合运用区域构造、露头、钻井、地震等多种资料进行构造几何学、运动学和动力学特征研究,根据不整合类型、断层切割关系及构造轴面等倾角区分析,识别出5期构造期。根据构造变形卷入地层归属、生长地层发育特征,厘定了构造发育时间,平衡剖面恢复明确了构造变形过程及变形量。在此基础上,重建了哈山构造带自晚古生代以来的构造沉积演化过程,经历了伸展与挤压区域应力场转换,4类盆地性质叠合和6期演化阶段:早二叠世伸展裂陷阶段、早二叠世末叠瓦冲断-脆韧性剪切阶段、晚二叠世类前陆盆地强烈推覆冲断-走滑调整阶段、三叠纪陆内坳陷继承性推覆冲断-走滑改造阶段、侏罗-白垩纪陆内坳陷震荡隆升阶段和新生代再生前陆盆地喜山期走滑改造阶段,其中早二叠世末、二叠纪末和三叠纪末为关键构造变形期,其分别控制了哈山的雏形造山、强化隆升和最终定型。哈山构造带形成演化及关键期构造变形对“源、储、运、保”等成藏要素的时空配置具有重要的控制作用,致使不同构造单元的油气成藏规律、分布特征及油气性质各具特点。早二叠世伸展裂陷碱湖沉积环境为风城组优质烃源岩的发育及碎屑岩-云质岩-火山岩多类型储层的发育创造了条件,构造沉积复原认为,该时期哈山地区处于半深湖相带,烃源岩广泛发育。哈山推覆冲断造山作用致使烃源岩在多个构造单元残留分布,构造叠置与沉积地层补偿控制了烃源岩的生烃演化,存在持续埋藏生烃型、快速抬升生烃停滞型、快速深埋生烃型和二次生烃型4种演化模式,厘定了有效烃源岩分布。构造对储层的控制作用体现在两个方面,一是构造微裂缝对火山岩和云质岩脆性储层具有增储增渗的作用,二是构造抬升剥蚀风化淋滤对储层具有较好的溶蚀改造作用,形成了风化淋滤型、淋滤-断裂改造型、内幕岩相-构造改造型和基质孔隙-构造改造型4种类型储层。哈山形成演化控制了不同构造区带构造样式、沉积地层充填及输导要素的时空配置,控制了不同区带的油气输导的有序性及油气分布的规律性。地质-地化剖析,提出超剥带和推覆-冲断带分属不同的油气输导系统。超剥带为“断-毯”远源横向输导模式;推覆-冲断带为“多断”联合近源垂向输导模式,西段推覆叠置区为断层-微裂缝网状复合输导,中段冲断叠加区为“断-砂”阶梯状输导,东段断褶变形区为断层垂向优势输导和砂体辅助输导。构造演化、烃源岩生烃演化与输导样式演化耦合控制了油气的充注成藏的动态演化,中西部为三期相对早期成藏,东部为两期相对晚期成藏。“源-输-储”三因素联合控制了不同构造单元的成藏组合类型及油气富集,保存条件优劣控制了油气品质优劣,形成了现今稀稠油共存,不同成熟阶段油气共生的多层系含油格局。
[Abstract]:Hassan tectonic belt belongs to the northwestern margin overthrust belt in the north of the Junggar basin and the binding site of Hassan, the "internal" contains rich oil and gas exploration, good situation of multilayer three-dimensional oil has appeared. But due to the complexity of geological structure, there are obvious differences in the extent of hydrocarbon enrichment in different zone, oil the gas accumulation and its distribution in the main control factors are unclear, preferably under the step in the main exploration area and target control. In order to adapt to the requirements of quality and efficient exploration, reduce exploration risk and cost, the urgent need to carry out Hassan tectonic evolution and its controlling effect on oil and gas accumulation research, identify the accumulation oil and gas, provides some guidance for the research of oil and gas exploration. Hassan tectonic zone is a nappe thrust superimposed + strike slip transform "premature" piedmont zone, for the overall performance of a large thrust nappe structure, divided into super tape stripping, Foreign nappe system, front thrust belt and parautochthonous superposition system of 4 geological units, 6 nappe. The stress field transformation, stress action and filling stratum attribute, is on the stratification, North and South sub zone, the geological structure characteristics of segmented section divided into. The 2 tectonic layers, namely shallow super stripping zone and deep thrust nappe stacking belt; from north to south is divided into 3 tectonic belt, the northern slip transformation belt, thrust nappe and thrust belt, thrust fold belt and the southern slope of the plane; divided into three sections, namely, section two Permian and Carboniferous nappe superimposition, fault related fold combination of Middle Triassic and Permian imbricate thrust fragments and the eastern section of the body combination. With the theory of fault related fold and complex structural analysis theory, the integrated use of regional tectonic, outcrop, drilling seismic data. To study the structural geometry, kinematics and dynamics characteristics, according to the type of unconformity, fault analysis of cutting relation and tectonic axis surface angle area, identify the 5 tectonic period. According to the tectonic deformation of strata involved in ownership, growth and development characteristics of strata, tectonic setting time, balanced cross section clear tectonic deformation process and deformation. On this basis, the reconstruction of Hassan tectonic evolution since Late Paleozoic sedimentary tectonic belt, the extension and compression of the regional stress field transformation, 4 types of basin superimposition and 6 evolution stages: Two Early Triassic rifting stage, early Permian imbricate thrusting - brittle ductile shear stage. The Late Permian foreland basin strong nappe thrust strike slip adjustment stage, inheritance of the nappe thrust strike slip faulted intracontinental transformation stage of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous intracontinental depression shock uplift stage and Cenozoic again Before the Himalayan strike slip foreland basin transformation stage, at the end of the early Permian, Late Permian and Late Triassic tectonic deformation is the key period, respectively control the Hassan embryonic orogenic uplift and strengthening, the final shape. Hassan tectonic deformation of source, reservoir, tectonic evolution and critical period of operation, has a control function an important guarantee "into the space-time configuration elements of reservoir, resulting in different tectonic units of the oil and gas accumulation, distribution and characteristics of oil and gas properties. Early Permian extensional rifting sedimentary environment of alkali lake is good hydrocarbon source rocks and Fengcheng Formation clastic rock - dolomitic rock volcano - multi type reservoir the development of creating conditions that the tectonic sedimentary restoration period, Hassan area in the semi deep lake facies, hydrocarbon source rocks are widely developed. Hassan nappe thrust orogenesis resulting in the distribution of residual hydrocarbon source rocks in multiple tectonic units and sedimentary tectonic superposition Compensation control layer hydrocarbon source rock evolution, persistent burial and hydrocarbon generation, rapid uplift of hydrocarbon stagnation type, rapid deep buried hydrocarbon and two secondary hydrocarbon type 4 evolution model, determined the distribution of effective source rocks. The tectonic control on the reservoir is reflected in two aspects, one is the construction of micro cracks with increasing storage permeability increasing effect on the volcano rocks and dolomitic reservoir brittle, two tectonic uplift and denudation weathering has good dissolution and alteration of the reservoir, the formation of weathering and leaching, leaching and fracture modification, modification of insider facies structural matrix and pore - structure modeling 4 types of reservoir formation and evolution. Hassan control in different tectonic zone tectonic style, time-space sedimentary strata filling and transporting elements, in order to control the regularity of different zones of oil and gas transportation and distribution of oil and gas. The geological geochemical analysis, this super belt and stripping The nappe and thrust belt belong to different oil and gas migration system. "Super tape stripping fault blanket" distal lateral transportation mode; nappe thrust belt is "broken" with near source vertical migration patterns, West nappe overlapped area of fault - micro crack mesh composite carrier, the middle thrust superimposed area "sand fault" ladder shaped conduit, the eastern fault fold deformation zone for fault vertical transport and sand transporting auxiliary advantages. Tectonic evolution, hydrocarbon generation evolution and migration evolution pattern of coupling control of oil and gas filling into the dynamic evolution of reservoir, the Midwest three relatively early Tibet, the eastern two relatively late accumulation. "- source - reservoir transportation three factors combined control of different tectonic units of reservoir types and hydrocarbon accumulation, preservation conditions of the oil and gas quality, form the dilute heavy oil coexist, multi series of strata of different maturity pattern of oil and gas coexistence.

【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13
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本文编号：1758481