微地震监测数据采集与分析

发布时间：2018-04-16 16:09

本文选题：微地震监测 + 小波去噪　；参考：《华北科技学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：微地震监测技术已成为矿山岩体稳定性实时、在线、远距离监测最为有效的技术方法，然而，信号去噪、到时拾取和震源定位仍是其应用推广的公开性基本问题。本论文结合山东黄金集团归来庄矿岩体稳定性监测的需要，应用所研发的微地震监测系统，围绕着这三个方面的问题开展了较为系统的针对性研究。 (1)考虑到微地震监测信号的非平稳特征，提出了一种采用小波阈值去噪方法对原始信号去噪处理的技术途径。小波阈值去噪后的信号与原始波形峰值位置具有良好的一致性，消噪信号能完整保留监测微地震波的突变细节。该方法可以为微地震波初至到时精确拾取与判断提供良好的技术保障。 (2)应用函数优化拟合方法，，建立了一种基于微地震波波形的初至到时拾取判断算法。不同采样频率、不同分析时窗宽度和不同噪声干扰三种情况到时拾取结果的对比分析表明，所建立的初至到时拾取算法具有良好的拾取精度以及突出的应用适应能力。这一结果也得到了对归来庄矿微地震信号初至到时拾取应用实践的证实。 (3)地震波波形特征的微地震事件震源定位研究结果表明，本文所提出的基于微震波波形的定位方法对传感器的布网要求与采集到信号的传感器数量要求比较低，能够有效避免微震波在岩石中各向传播速度不同而无法建立有效速度模型的缺陷。爆破振动信号的定位分析验证了基于波形的微地震震源定位方法精度能够满足矿山定位的需要。 (4)结合归来庄矿的实际情况，构建了一套微地震监测系统，同时，开发了与系统相配套的软件。应用实践表明，该系统能够实现数据采集、参数设置、数据存储等功能，达到了微地震监测系统的可视化标准。
[Abstract]:Micro-seismic monitoring technology has become the most effective method for real-time, on-line and long-distance monitoring of rock mass stability in mines. However, signal de-noising, picking up at time and location of seismic source are still the basic problems of its application and popularization.According to the need of rock mass stability monitoring in Huizhuang Mine of Shandong Gold Group, this paper applies the microseismic monitoring system developed by Shandong Gold Group Group to carry out systematic and targeted research around these three aspects.1) considering the non-stationary characteristics of the microseismic monitoring signal, a method of denoising the original signal by wavelet threshold denoising method is proposed.The wavelet threshold denoising signal has good consistency with the peak position of the original waveform. The de-noising signal can completely retain the details of monitoring the mutation of microseismic waves.This method can provide a good technical guarantee for accurate picking and judging of the first arrival of microseismic waves.2) using the function optimization fitting method, an algorithm of picking up the first arrival based on the microseismic wave waveform is established.The results of different sampling frequency, different window width and different noise interference show that the proposed algorithm has good picking accuracy and outstanding application adaptability.This result has also been confirmed by the practice of picking up the microseismic signal in Guizhuang Mine.The results show that the method based on microseismic wave waveform has low requirements for sensor network and the number of sensors collected.It can effectively avoid the defect that the propagation velocity of microseismic wave in rock is different and the effective velocity model can not be established.The localization analysis of blasting vibration signals verifies that the precision of micro-seismic source location method based on waveform can meet the needs of mine location.According to the actual situation of Xiuizhuang Mine, a set of micro-seismic monitoring system is constructed, and the corresponding software is developed.The application shows that the system can realize the functions of data acquisition, parameter setting and data storage, and reach the visualization standard of the micro-seismic monitoring system.
【学位授予单位】：华北科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P315.6

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