河北宣化“战国红”玛瑙的宝石学特征研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 03:16

本文选题：战国红玛瑙 + 纤维　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：河北宣化“战国红”玛瑙是近几年发现的特色玛瑙品种,由于进入市场较辽宁北票来说稍晚,人们对其认知度很少,专家学者的研究也较少。本文以河北宣化“战国红”玛瑙为研究对象,对其进行了常规宝石学测试,运用偏光显微镜观察、电子探针、X射线粉晶衍射、红外光谱、紫外—可见光光谱、激光拉曼光谱和阴极发光等现代测试技术对河北宣化“战国红”玛瑙的宝石学特征进行了系统研究,得到该品种玛瑙新的数据和资料。以下将“战国红”简写为战国红,不标明产地的均指河北宣化的战国红玛瑙。宣化的战国红玛瑙赋存围岩为安山岩,具典型的斑状结构,气孔构造和杏仁体构造,所产出的战国红玛瑙原石多呈球状、肾状或结核状产出,内部常结晶有水晶、方解石等。它是一种隐晶质的石英质玉石,具有红色、黄色、黑色、白色的条带,少见紫色,玻璃光泽,半透明至不透明,宝石学基本性质与其它玛瑙相似,以其颜色艳丽、花纹独特及常见水草花而具特色。在偏光显微镜下可见战国红玛瑙的主要由石英组成,具有隐晶质、粒状、短纤维状、长纤维状等结构。前人用扫描和透射电子显微镜证明了所谓的纤维其实是更细小的不可见的小晶体以较好的规律堆积而成。战国红玛瑙的颜色条带是由致色小点形成的,在偏光显微镜下发现这些点状物具有金属矿物的特征,结合电子探针和阴极发光,初步证实了这些点状物其实是铁的氧化物或氢氧化物。通过显微激光拉曼光谱测试,确定了致色点状物为赤铁矿或针铁矿。X射线粉晶衍射和红外光谱测试表明,战国红玛瑙的主要矿物成分为α-石英,其石英的结晶度较低,与标准石英红外光谱的特征峰值相匹配,还出现了水的吸收。首次提出并将紫外—可见光光谱的一阶导数图谱应用于战国红玛瑙,得出含赤铁矿呈红色、含针铁矿呈黄色这一结论。在阴极电子作用下赤铁矿和针铁矿由于含有Fe3+而发深红色的光,黑色点状物由于含有Fe2+而不发光。
[Abstract]:Hebei Xuanhua "warring States Red" agate is a characteristic agate variety discovered in recent years. Because of its late entry into the market, people have less recognition of it and less research by experts and scholars.In this paper, the red agate of Xuanhua, Hebei Province, was studied. The conventional gemstone was tested, observed by polarized light microscope, electron probe X ray powder diffraction, infrared spectrum, UV-Vis spectrum.The Gemological characteristics of the red agate in Xuanhua, Hebei Province, were systematically studied by means of laser Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence. The new data and data of the agate were obtained.Below will "warring States red" abbreviated as warring States red, do not indicate the origin of the Hebei Xuanhua warring States red agate.The surrounding rock of red agate in Xuanhua warring States period is andesite with typical porphyry structure, stomatal structure and almond body structure. The stone produced in the warring States period is mostly spherical, renal or nodule, and the interior is often crystallized with crystal, calcite and so on.It is a cryptic quartz jade with red, yellow, black, white stripes, rare purple, glass luster, translucent to opaque, Gemological basic properties similar to other agate, with its brilliant color,Unique patterns and common waterweed flowers with characteristics.Under the polarizing microscope, the red agate of warring States period is mainly composed of quartz, with cryptocrystalline, granular, short fibrous and long fibrous structures.Scanning and transmission electron microscopy have shown that the so-called fibers are actually smaller, invisible crystals stacked with better regularity.The color bands of red agate in the warring States period were formed by small chromogenic dots. Under a polarizing microscope, they were found to have the characteristics of metallic minerals, combined with electron probe and cathodic luminescence.It is preliminarily confirmed that these dots are actually oxides of iron or hydroxides.By means of microscopic laser Raman spectroscopy, it was determined that the chromogenic spots were hematite or goethite. X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy showed that the main mineral composition of red agate in warring States period was 伪 -quartz, and the crystallinity of quartz was relatively low.Matching with the characteristic peak of standard quartz infrared spectrum, the absorption of water was also observed.The first derivative spectrum of UV-Vis spectrum was first put forward and applied to the red agate of the warring States period. The conclusion that hematite is red and goethite yellow is obtained.Hematite and goethite emit deep red light due to the presence of Fe3 under the action of cathode electrons, and the black dots do not glow because of the presence of Fe2.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P619.283

【相似文献】