皖北西部地下水控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 21:22

本文选题：皖北 + 地下水　；参考：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：地下水是皖北西部主要的供水水源,在保障城乡居民生活和支撑经济发展及维护生态平衡具有举足轻重的作用。近年来,地下水资源开发利用中存在的诸多问题已严重危及水资源的可持续利用。因此迫切需要开展皖北西部地下水控制技术研究。本文总体按照“地下水开发利用分析—地下水超采区划分—地下水控制指标研究—地下水开发利用管理方案”的逻辑开展了皖北西部地下水控制技术研究。以安徽省皖北西部为研究区,以浅层地下水、深层承压水为研究对象,根据区域内水文站和地下水监测站长系列动态实测资料,结合区域社会经济资料,采用资料分析、模型计算等手段开展研究。论文主要内容归纳如下:1、皖北西部地下水超采现状及划分研究:(1)根据地下水开发利用现状,综合采用水位动态分析法、开采系数法以及引发问题法对皖北西部浅层地下水超采区进行划分,整个皖北西部浅层地下水均无超采区。(2)采用水位动态分析法及引发问题法对皖北西部深层承压水超采区进行划分,共划分超采区17个。(3)初步提出了地下水限采方案和管理措施。2、皖北西部控制指标研究:在皖北西部地下水超采区划分的基础上,构建了皖北西部地下水开采总量、地下水位和地下水水质三控指标体系。(1)结合水资源配置方案和替代水源条件合理确定了地下水开采控制总量,浅层地下水开采控制量2020年为14.71亿m3,2030年为15.67亿m3。(2)采用偏最小二乘法预测典型区地下水水位,对于沿淮地区,若要使地下水位相对稳定,应维持或者缩减当地地下水目前的开采量;沿淮以北的地区,在降水量较大且条件允许的情况下,可以适的增加开采量,但在降水量偏少的年份,须控制地下水开采,使地下水位满足当地作物在生长期对地下水埋深的要求;西部深层承压水超采区,为避免地面沉降继续恶化,适宜水位埋深为30m,危急水位埋深为50m。(3)以功能区水质保护目标为水质控制指标。3、提出了皖北西部地下水管理方案。(1)浅层地下水开采量应该适当控制,年度开采总量以不超过其多年平均可开采量为宜。(2)深层承压水应做到开采量“有增有减”,超采区特别是严重超采区需逐步压缩开采量。(3)采用DRASTIC法进行地下水污染风险性评价,皖北西部地下水总体污染风险性中等。东北部及沿淮一带,需重点保护,预防地下水污染。本文为皖北西部地下水控制提供了科学依据。
[Abstract]:Groundwater is the main source of water supply in the west, in the protection of urban and rural residents and support economic development and plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance. In recent years, many problems of sustainable utilization of groundwater resources development and utilization of water resources has become a serious threat. Therefore it is urgent to carry out technical research of Western groundwater control. In this paper, according to the "overall Anhui the groundwater exploitation of the groundwater overdraft division groundwater control index of exploitation and utilization of groundwater management plan" to carry out technical research of western logic. The groundwater control in Anhui Province in Western Anhui Province as the study area, the shallow groundwater, deep confined water as the research object, according to the regional hydrological station and groundwater monitoring station series dynamic data, combined with regional social economic data, by means of data analysis, model calculation and other means to open The research. The main contents of this thesis are summarized as follows: 1, research status and classification of over mining of groundwater in northern West: (1) according to the present situation of groundwater development and utilization, the water level dynamic analysis method used, mining coefficient method and the problem of north western shallow groundwater overdraft in the North West Division, shallow groundwater had no overdraft. (2) the analysis and classification of problem of deep confined water in northern West overdraftedzone method is divided into dynamic water level, overdraftedzone 17. (3) proposed groundwater pumping limit program and management measures of.2, index of Western control: Based on Western Anhui Anhui's division of groundwater overdraft the total amount of western mining, construction in groundwater, groundwater level and groundwater quality control index system. Three (1) with the allocation scheme of water resources and alternative water conditions reasonably determine the total control of groundwater exploitation Shallow groundwater, mining control in 2020 was 1 billion 471 million m32030 for 1 billion 567 million m3. (2) prediction of groundwater level by using partial least square method for this region, if the underground water level is relatively stable, should maintain or reduce the exploitation of local groundwater at present; along the Huai River to the North, allowing greater precipitation and conditions can increase the yield, but in less precipitation years to control groundwater exploitation, the groundwater level in the growth period of crops to meet local groundwater depth requirements; ultra deep confined water in western mining area, in order to avoid land subsidence continues to deteriorate, the suitable groundwater depth is 30m, the critical the water depth is 50m. (3) to protect the functional district of water quality targets for water quality control index of.3, puts forward the groundwater management scheme (1) in the West. The shallow groundwater exploitation should be properly controlled, the total annual production to Over the years the average recoverable amount is appropriate. (2) the deep confined water should be mined "increases and decreases, especially serious overdraft overdraft to compression yield. (3) of groundwater pollution risk assessment using DRASTIC method. The overall risk of groundwater pollution in the Northeast medium. And along the Huaihe River area, need to focus on protection, prevention of groundwater pollution. This paper provides a scientific basis for the Western groundwater control.

【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.8

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