地震救援中废墟安全评估专家系统初步设计与实现

发布时间：2018-04-25 23:10

本文选题：地震救援 + 废墟安全评估　；参考：《中国地震局工程力学研究所》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：建筑物的破坏和倒塌是造成人员被困与伤亡的主要原因。在地震救援中,余震或救援方法不当所造成的废墟二次倒塌、连续性倒塌是威胁救援人员及被困人员安全的重大隐患。地震救援废墟安全评估工作是实现安全救援的前提。目前国内外的救援中,多依赖结构专业的专家对废墟安全进行评估,但在地震现场中,专家资源稀缺,且因交通等影响不能满足救援的时效性。因此本文针对地震废墟救援中对废墟安全评估工作的迫切需求,展开了废墟安全评估专家系统的研究工作。本文主要研究了以下几部分内容:首先对地震救援废墟安全评估的相关问题进行介绍,包括地震救援特点分析、废墟特点分析、废墟救援安全行动风险、救援基本步骤及废墟安全评估的基本程序,在此基础上研究了砖混结构地震废墟救援评估模型,从砖混结构震害入手,剖析了救援实例中的砖混结构废墟特征,结合《地震现场工作第二部分:建筑物安全鉴定(GB18208.2-2001)》和《危险房屋鉴定标准(JGJ 125-99(2004))》分析了影响砖混结构废墟安全的主要因素。在此基础上选用了可以模仿人体大脑神经网络的BP神经网络模型。依靠专家经验解决废墟安全评估这一不确定因素多、模糊关系复杂的问题。建立了3层BP砖混结构废墟安全评估模型,可使用专家经验和救援案例对模型进行学习训练。采用MATLAB中BP神经网络工具箱实现建模分析,并采用实际地震废墟救援案例对其评估结果的可靠性进行验证。其次,完成了基于B/S的地震救援废墟安全评估专家系统的初步设计。专家系统由于可以模拟专家专家完成工作而被广泛应用于各领域。并且随着人类科学的进步逐步更新换代,目前处于第四代过度与发展中。本文充分吸取了专家系统的启发性、灵活性和高效性的特点,初步设计了地震救援废墟安全评估专家系统,其中包括专家系统总体设计、功能设计、以及系统软件的实现。该系统基于ASP.NET技术和SQL Server 2008平台,使用C#作为编程语言完成系统开发。系统的交互环境是十分友好的,并且十分直观和易于操作。专家系统主要包括3大功能,其中废墟安全鉴定为核心功能模块,实现系统在给出评估结果的同时,提供相似救援案例及相关救援文献,此外为了协助地震废墟救援的方案制定,开发了估算器功能,为救援路线制定及设备选取提供参考依据。最后结合系统操作界面,介绍了系统功能、特点及操作方法。并对汶川地震中营救卿静文同学的案例进行废墟评估演示。
[Abstract]:The destruction and collapse of buildings are the main causes of people trapped and casualties. In earthquake rescue, aftershocks or improper rescue methods caused by secondary collapse of rubble, continuous collapse is a major threat to the safety of rescue workers and trapped persons. The safety assessment of earthquake rescue ruins is the premise of safety rescue. At present, in the rescue at home and abroad, the experts mainly rely on the structural experts to evaluate the debris safety, but in the earthquake site, the expert resources are scarce, and because of the impact of traffic and other factors can not meet the rescue effectiveness. Therefore, in order to meet the urgent need of debris safety assessment in earthquake debris rescue, the research work of debris safety assessment expert system is carried out in this paper. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the related problems of earthquake rescue debris safety assessment are introduced, including the analysis of earthquake rescue characteristics, the analysis of debris characteristics, the risk of debris rescue safety action, On the basis of the basic steps of rescue and the basic procedure of debris safety assessment, the evaluation model of brick concrete structure earthquake debris rescue is studied, and the characteristics of brick concrete structure ruins in rescue cases are analyzed, starting with the earthquake damage of brick concrete structure. Combined with < the second part of earthquake site work: building safety appraisal (GB18208.2-2001) > and < dangerous house appraisal standard (JGJ 125-99 / 2004) >, the main factors affecting the safety of brick and concrete structure ruins are analyzed. On this basis, BP neural network model which can imitate human brain neural network is selected. Expert experience is used to solve the uncertain factor of debris safety assessment and the complicated fuzzy relationship. A 3-story BP brick and concrete structure safety assessment model is established, which can be used to study and train the model by using expert experience and rescue cases. The BP neural network toolbox in MATLAB is used to model and analyze the model, and the reliability of the evaluation result is verified by the actual earthquake debris rescue cases. Secondly, the preliminary design of the earthquake rescue debris safety evaluation expert system based on B / S is completed. Expert system is widely used in various fields because of its ability to simulate the work done by experts. And with the progress of human science, the fourth generation is in transition and development. Based on the characteristics of inspiration, flexibility and high efficiency of the expert system, this paper preliminarily designs an expert system for evaluating the safety of earthquake rescue ruins, including the overall design of the expert system, the function design and the realization of the system software. The system is based on ASP.NET technology and SQL Server 2008 platform. C # is used as programming language to complete the system development. The interactive environment of the system is very friendly, and very intuitive and easy to operate. The expert system mainly includes three functions, in which the debris safety identification is the core function module. The system provides similar rescue cases and related rescue documents while giving the evaluation results. In addition, the function of estimator is developed in order to assist in the program of earthquake debris rescue, which provides reference for the establishment of rescue route and the selection of equipment. Finally, the functions, characteristics and operation methods of the system are introduced in combination with the operating interface of the system. And the Wenchuan earthquake rescue Qingjingwen case of debris evaluation demonstration.
【学位授予单位】：中国地震局工程力学研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P315.9

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