琥珀的宝石学特征和谱学特征研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 21:25

本文选题：琥珀 + 包裹体　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：琥珀是中生代白垩纪至新生代第三纪松柏科和豆科植物的树脂,经过复杂的地质作用而石化形成的一种天然有机混合物,对于相同产地的琥珀而言,其琥珀原石往往具有不同的颜色和透明度,而不同产地的琥珀品种其颜色和透明度的表现差异更是明显。本文以波罗的海和缅甸琥珀样品为研究对象,采用常规的宝石学测试方法、红外光谱分析、拉曼光谱分析、紫外—可见分光光度计分析,剖析不同颜色和透明度琥珀的内部包裹体特征、所含C官能团种类和特征、所含有机物分子特征,比较波罗的海琥珀和缅甸琥珀的氧化度、成熟度和对称性,为琥珀的深入研究提供一定的科学依据。波罗的海琥珀形成于前两千到六千万年间的古近纪,其颜色以树脂的原生色黄色为主,透明度从不透明到透明,折射率约为1.54,相对密度约为1.0719。缅甸琥珀形成于前八千到一亿年间的白垩纪,其内部常含有红棕色的流淌纹,颜色往往带棕色调,透明度好,折射率约为1.53,相对密度约为1.0393。两产地琥珀的外观分别较大,缅甸琥珀以较深的颜色,较高的透明度和在阳光下较明显的荧光反应可区分于波罗的海琥珀。波罗的海琥珀颜色和透明度的影响因素主要取决于其内部所含的大量密集微小的气泡包裹体,其气泡越小越密集其颜色越浅,透明度越低。缅甸琥珀随着其颜色的不断加深,在红外光谱1180~1130cm-1指示C-O伸展波段及近1720cm-1指示C=O(酯类共轭)波段的峰位逐渐加强;同时1650~1600cm-1指示C=C伸展(非共轭)波段随着颜色的加深,此处峰位由有到无,由强到弱。因此可推断,缅甸琥珀随着颜色的加深,其氧化程度和成熟度是不断升高的。比较波罗的海和缅甸两地的红外光谱,1800~1130cm-1指示C-O伸展波段与1755~1720cm-1指示C=O(酯类)波段中,缅甸琥珀所指示的碳骨架信息的对称程度和共轭稳定程度高于波罗的海琥珀。同时拉曼光谱指示成熟度的N值中,N=0.6786(缅甸)N=0.8060(波罗的海),说明缅甸琥珀的成熟度高于波罗的海琥珀。
[Abstract]:Amber is a natural organic mixture formed from Mesozoic Cretaceous to Cenozoic Tertiary pine cypress and leguminous plants. It is a natural organic mixture formed by complex geological processes, for amber of the same origin. The amber protostones often have different colors and diaphaneity, and the varieties of amber from different producing areas show more obvious differences in color and transparency. In this paper, the samples of the Baltic and Myanmar amber were studied, and the conventional methods of gemology test, infrared spectrum analysis, Raman spectrum analysis, UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis were used. The internal inclusions of amber of different colors and diaphaneity, the types and characteristics of C-functional groups and the molecular characteristics of organic compounds are analyzed. The oxidation degree, maturity and symmetry of amber in Baltic Sea and Myanmar are compared. It provides a scientific basis for the further study of amber. The Baltic amber was formed in the Paleogene between 2000 and 60 million years ago. Its color is mainly the primary color of resin yellow, transparency from opacity to transparency, refractive index is about 1.54, relative density is about 1.0719. Myanmar Amber was formed in the Cretaceous period between 800 million and 100 million years ago. It often contains red-brown flowing lines with a brown tone and a good transparency, with a refractive index of about 1.53 and a relative density of about 1.0393. The appearance of amber in the two producing areas is larger, and amber in Myanmar is distinguished from the Baltic amber by darker color, higher transparency and more obvious fluorescence reaction in sunlight. The influence factors of the color and transparency of the Baltic amber mainly depend on a large number of dense and tiny bubble inclusions in the Baltic Sea. The smaller the bubbles the lighter the color and the lower the transparency. With the increasing color of amber in Myanmar, the peaks of C-O band indicated by infrared 1180~1130cm-1 and Con O (ester conjugate) band indicated by near 1720cm-1 were gradually strengthened, while 1650~1600cm-1 indicated that C stretch band (non-conjugate) band increased with the increase of color. Here the peak position from having to nothing, from strong to weak. Therefore, it can be inferred that the degree of oxidation and maturity of Myanmar amber increases as the color deepens. Comparing the infrared spectra between the Baltic Sea and Myanmar, the degree of symmetry and conjugation stability of the carbon skeleton information indicated by Amber in Myanmar is higher than that in Baltic Amber. At the same time, the N value of Raman spectrum indicates that the maturity of Myanmar amber is higher than that of Baltic amber.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P619.283

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