地层化学元素测井仪研发中的关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 01:42

本文选题：地层化学元素 + 标准谱　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际上,斯仑贝谢、哈里伯顿、贝克-阿特拉斯、俄罗斯测井公司等多家公司已经研制出了地层化学元素测井仪器。该仪器能从岩石成分的角度来解决复杂岩性识别这一难题,并能很好的识别页岩气和煤层气,是一种能够全面评价储层的新技术。地层化学元素测井已经成为新一代测井技术中不可缺少的重要方法。所以确立开发地层化学元素测井仪器的研究课题,是学习国外仪器的先进设计经验,摆脱落后、跟踪世界先进技术的需要。经过前期的调研工作,掌握了目前国内外地层化学元素测井技术的发展现状,并且针对国外测井公司现有的元素测井仪器进行了对比分析。各国外测井公司元素测井仪器所使用的放射源、探测器、仪器尺寸、测速、标准谱的建立方法和解谱方法等各不相同,这都是在仪器研制过程中需要解决的问题。本文着重对元素测井标准谱的获得和解谱方法进行研究。本文介绍了元素测井的理论基础、仪器的测量原理及解释流程。并且使用蒙特卡罗模拟技术建立了地层模型及仪器模型,模拟过程中使用多群截面数据和解伴随输运方程,采用中子、光子、电子分级运输和联合运输的联合方式,分情况,分截面的联合运算,使模拟尽量接近实际应用效果。并以大庆测井公司现有的碳氧比仪器的相关参数对理论模型进行了验证,并且成功在纯水条件下模拟了碳氧比仪器的响应特征,证明了建立模型以及获取标准谱方法的正确性。从而进一步完善参数,深化研究,在其它岩性和地层流体状态下进行模拟分析,从而获得地层元素的标准谱。获得元素的标准谱之后,着力进行解谱方法的研究。为了消除仪器在硬件上的差异造成测量误差,进行了仪器刻度方法的研究;为了解决仪器在测量过程中测量谱线的漂移问题,进行了Marquardt非线性迭代方法研究,也就是稳谱方法的研究;为了获得元素的干重,进行了剥谱处理方法研究;在干燥地层中的元素都是以氧化物的形式存在的,所以各种氧化物的百分含量之和应为1,所以为了获得元素在地层中的百分含量,进行了氧化物闭合方法研究;为了将获得各种元素百分含量对应到相应的岩性,进行了岩性分析方法研究。综合上述研究方法,可以对实际测量的谱线进行解谱分析。并且仪器样机研制成功过后,仪器进行了室内模拟测试及物理指标测试,验证的结果均达到了研制的要求。仪器样机进行了现场试验,在大庆钻探工程公司测井公司研究一所刻度楼的刻度井井群中试验了6口井,现场井试验25口次,其中包括调整井14口,外围开发井4口,探井7口。由解释专家对仪器进行重复性以及一致性评价,从而验证了仪器具有良好的重复性,与斯伦贝谢的ECS仪器具有较好的一致性。进一步验证了此次研究工作中标准谱的获取以及解谱方法的正确性。
[Abstract]:Internationally, Schlumberger, Halliburton, Becke-Atlas, Russian logging Company and other companies have developed formation chemical element logging tools. This instrument can solve the difficult problem of complex lithology identification from the point of view of rock composition, and can recognize shale gas and coalbed methane well. It is a new technology that can comprehensively evaluate reservoir. Formation chemical element logging has become an indispensable and important method in the new generation of logging technology. Therefore, it is necessary to study the advanced design experience of foreign instruments, get rid of backwardness and track the advanced technology in the world. Through previous investigation and investigation, the present situation of formation chemical element logging technology at home and abroad is grasped, and the existing elemental logging tools of foreign logging companies are compared and analyzed. The radioactive sources, detectors, instrument dimensions, velocimetry, methods of establishing standard spectra and spectral methods used by foreign logging companies are different, which are the problems to be solved in the process of instrument development. This paper focuses on the method of obtaining the standard spectrum of element logging. This paper introduces the theoretical basis of element logging, the measuring principle and interpretation flow of the instrument. And the formation model and instrument model are established by Monte Carlo simulation technique. In the simulation process, multi-group cross-section data are used to solve the accompanying transport equation, and the combined mode of neutron, photon, electron transport and combined transport is adopted. The combined operation of cross section makes the simulation as close as possible to the practical application effect. The theoretical model is verified by the relevant parameters of the existing carbon-oxygen ratio instruments in Daqing logging Company, and the response characteristics of the carbon-oxygen ratio instruments are successfully simulated under pure water condition, which proves the correctness of the model and the method of obtaining the standard spectrum. In order to further improve the parameters, deepen the study, in other lithology and formation fluid state simulation analysis, thus obtaining the standard spectrum of formation elements. After obtaining the standard spectrum of elements, the method of despectral analysis was studied. In order to eliminate the measurement error caused by the hardware difference of the instrument, the calibration method of the instrument is studied, and the Marquardt nonlinear iterative method is studied to solve the problem of the drift of the spectrum line in the measurement process of the instrument. In order to obtain the dry weight of the elements, the method of spectrum stripping is studied. The elements in the dry strata are all in the form of oxides. Therefore, the sum of the percent contents of various oxides should be 1, so in order to obtain the percent content of elements in the strata, the method of oxide closure was studied; in order to get the percent content of various elements corresponding to the corresponding lithology, The lithologic analysis method is studied. The above research methods can be used to analyze the spectral lines measured in practice. After the development of the prototype, the instrument has been tested by indoor simulation and physical index, and the results of verification have met the requirements of the development. Field tests were carried out on the prototype of the instrument, and 6 wells were tested in a calibration well group studied by Daqing drilling Engineering Company logging Company. Twenty-five wells were tested in the field, including 14 adjustment wells and 4 peripheral development wells. There are seven exploratory wells. The repeatability and consistency of the instrument are evaluated by the interpreter, which proves that the instrument has good repeatability and is in good agreement with Schlumberger's ECS instrument. The method of obtaining the standard spectrum and the method of resolving the spectrum are further verified.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.83

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