黄河三角洲地区建筑物地面沉降量计算方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 15:23

本文选题：黄河三角洲 + 建筑物　；参考：《中国科学院大学(中国科学院海洋研究所)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：地面沉降是一种地面高程累进损失的地质灾害现象,地面沉降在短时间内难以被发现,被形象的称为“沉默的土地危机”,地面沉降具有不可逆性,一旦形成便难以恢复,地面沉降灾害将导致海水倒灌、高程点失效、道路裂缝塌陷等,严重影响生态环境,甚至威胁人类的生存。导致地面沉降的因素可以分为自然和人为因素,自然因素主要包括地壳运动、沉积物固结压实、海平面上升等,在一般情况下自然因素(除地震、新废弃河道沉积物固结)导致的地面沉降周期长、幅度小,在初期并未引起关注;随着人类活动的频繁,加大面积开采地下流体(地下水、油、气)等,地面沉降现象已经逐年加剧。工程建设导致地面沉降最早在长江三角洲(上海)引起关注,而黄河三角洲普遍存在一定程度地面沉降灾害,工程建设导致的地面沉降现象逐年凸显。本文针对黄河三角洲地区三个工程实例(胜利油田中心医院综合病房楼、新邦名郡、长安大厦)分别运用分层总和法、弦线模量法、修正弦线模量法、双曲线切线模量法和双曲线割线模量法进行建筑物导致的地面沉降量计算,结果表明双曲线切线模量法与实测数据最为接近,分别为3.46mm、4.50mm、10.85mm;进一步利用该方法对胜利油田中心医院、新邦名郡的沉降量时间序列分别进行计算,所得曲线与实测曲线一致性较高,认为双曲线切线模量法较适用于黄河三角洲建筑物沉降量计算。此外,选取东营区其他高层建筑物沉降监测结果对本文计算、监测结果准确性进行评价。为了进一步证实,双曲线切线模量法适用于黄河三角洲地区建筑物导致地面沉降量计算,利用该方法计算东营建筑密集区建筑物导致的地面沉降量。收集黄河三角洲地区(东营)2007-2010年遥感影像,对影像进行预处理,通过计算机自动分类与目视解译相结合的方法,对研究区2007-2010年建筑物变化进行解译,选取2010年新增建筑密集区,通过影像解译及资料收集,得到新增建筑密集区建筑面积、占地面积、平均层数等参数,利用评估后的方法——双曲线切线模量法计算新增建筑密集区的沉降量,并对压缩层厚度的选取进行分析,认为大面积建筑物压缩层厚度使用应力控制法更合适,计算结果表明,东营区2007-2010年建筑物导致地面沉降量为7.52mm/a,所得结果与现有资料吻合较好。本文计算过程所需参数较少,遥感影像易于获得,节省实地勘测的人力物力,为区域建筑物建设引起地面沉降的计算提供方法。
[Abstract]:Land subsidence is a geological hazard phenomenon of progressive loss of land elevation. It is difficult to find land subsidence in a short time. It is called "silent land crisis". It is irreversibility of land subsidence, once it is formed, it is difficult to recover. Land subsidence disaster will lead to sea water pouring, elevation failure, road crack collapse and so on, which will seriously affect the ecological environment and even threaten the survival of human beings. The factors leading to land subsidence can be divided into natural and human factors. Natural factors mainly include crustal movement, sediment consolidation and compaction, sea level rise, etc. The period of land subsidence caused by the consolidation of newly abandoned river sediment) was long and small, and it did not cause concern in the initial period. With the frequent human activities, the area of underground fluids (groundwater, oil, gas) was increased. The phenomenon of land subsidence has been intensified year by year. The land subsidence caused by engineering construction is concerned at first in the Yangtze River Delta (Shanghai), but the Yellow River Delta has a certain degree of land subsidence disaster, and the phenomenon of land subsidence caused by engineering construction is prominent year by year. In this paper, three engineering examples (Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital General Ward Building, Xinbang Ming County, Chang'an Building) in the Yellow River Delta region are presented. The methods of stratified summation, chord modulus and modified chord modulus are used respectively. The hyperbolic tangent modulus method and hyperbolic Secant modulus method are used to calculate the land subsidence caused by buildings. The results show that the hyperbolic tangent modulus method is most close to the measured data, which are 3.46 mm ~ 4.50 mm ~ 10.85 mm respectively. The time series of settlement in Xinbang county are calculated, and the calculated curves are in good agreement with the measured curves. It is considered that the hyperbolic tangent modulus method is more suitable for the calculation of the settlement of buildings in the Yellow River Delta. In addition, the settlement monitoring results of other high-rise buildings in Dongying District are selected to evaluate the accuracy of the results. In order to prove that the hyperbolic tangent modulus method is applicable to the calculation of the land subsidence caused by buildings in the Yellow River Delta, the method is used to calculate the land subsidence caused by the buildings in the dense area of Dongying building. Collecting remote sensing images from 2007 to 2010 in the Yellow River Delta region, preprocessing the images, combining computer automatic classification with visual interpretation, interpreting the changes of buildings in the study area from 2007 to 2010, selecting the newly built dense areas in 2010. By means of image interpretation and data collection, the parameters such as building area, occupation area, average floor number and so on are obtained. The settlement of new building-concentrated area is calculated by using the method of hyperbolic tangent modulus after evaluation. It is considered that the stress control method is more suitable for the compression layer thickness of large area buildings. The calculation results show that the land subsidence caused by buildings in Dongying area from 2007 to 2010 is 7.52 mm / a, which is in good agreement with the available data. In this paper, the calculation process requires less parameters, remote sensing images are easy to obtain, and the manpower and material resources of field survey are saved, which provides a method for the calculation of land subsidence caused by the construction of regional buildings.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(中国科学院海洋研究所)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P642.26

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