济南市玉符河人工补给地下水模型实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 13:53

本文选题：含水层补给管理 + 地下水回灌　；参考：《济南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于济南泉域地下水位持续下降,四大泉群和济南市内的居民供水受到严重威胁,南部山区的玉符河采用人工控制河道放水补给地下水的方法是增加地下水补给量的重要措施,但由于作为强渗漏带的玉符河上游河道地形以及下覆地层的结构与下游市区主要奥陶系含水层之间的水力联系情况特殊,严重制约着放水补给岩溶水的效率。本文以玉符河为典型案例,对人工控制放水的脱节型河流渗漏补给地下水的放水配置方案和自然规律进行了深入研究,发现其与自然状态下的河流差异较大。通过实地调查、踏勘、监测、计算、实验验证等方法,分析了河水入渗补给地下水在各个不同季节、不同放水量条件下沿河流方向的二维纵剖面运移规律,结论如下:(1)玉符河属于人工控制放水的脱节型亏水河,其具有间歇性、水量不稳定性的特点,并且存在具有代表性的多层复杂地质结构,其上游段上层含水层渗透系数大,下层含水层渗透系数小,并且下游段地层夹有不透水页岩,在这种地质结构条件下,影响补给效率的因素众多,具体包含地表河水的流速和流量、放水周期、地下水埋深、包气带厚度等。(2)根据计算推理和实验验证,表明地表河水向地下水运移补给、向前推进的过程可分为多个阶段,各个阶段的时长、时序因地下水埋深和地表水流速的不同而不同,但其整体规律相似。(3)放水周期。根据计算推求得出,放水周期因地表水流速(即放水量大小)、季节(即地下水埋深)的不同而不同,并且地表水流速(即放水量大小)的影响要远远大于季节(即地下水埋深)的影响。(4)回灌效率与周期日均实际放水量。按照回灌方案,回灌水可以得到高效利用,其效率均在95%以上;由于在一个放水周期中存在顶托回落过程,实际日放水量与闸口的控制流量相比要小,但经过计算,回灌方案中的保证率较高(超过92.5%),并且对回灌量的影响不大。
[Abstract]:Because the groundwater level in Jinan spring region is decreasing continuously, the water supply to the residents of the four spring groups and Jinan City is seriously threatened. The method of artificial control of water discharge and recharge of groundwater by the Yufu River in the southern mountainous area is an important measure to increase the groundwater supply. However, because of the special hydraulic connection between the upper reaches of the Yufu River as a strong seepage zone and the structure of the overlying strata and the main Ordovician aquifers in the lower reaches of the city, the efficiency of recharging karst water is seriously restricted. Taking the Yufu River as a typical case, this paper makes a deep study on the scheme and natural law of the drainage configuration and natural law of the disjointed river recharging groundwater with manual controlled discharge. It is found that there is a great difference between the scheme and the natural state of the river. Through field investigation, exploration, monitoring, calculation, experimental verification and other methods, this paper analyzes the two dimensional longitudinal section migration law of groundwater recharge along river direction under different seasons and different discharge amount. The conclusion is as follows: (1) the Yufu River is a disjointed river with artificial controlled discharge, which has the characteristics of intermittent and unstable water quantity, and has a representative multi-layer and complex geological structure. The upper aquifer permeability coefficient of the upper aquifer in the upper reaches of Yufu River is large. The permeability coefficient of the lower aquifer is small, and there are impervious shale in the lower part of the aquifer. Under this geological structure, there are many factors that affect the recharge efficiency, including the velocity and discharge of the surface river water, the discharge period, the depth of the groundwater. According to the calculation reasoning and experimental verification, it shows that the process of surface river moving and recharging to groundwater can be divided into several stages and the duration of each stage. The time series varies according to the depth of groundwater and the velocity of surface water, but the whole law is similar. Based on the calculation, it is concluded that the discharge period varies with the surface water velocity (I. E. the amount of water released) and the season (i.e., the depth of groundwater). Moreover, the effect of surface water velocity (I. E. the amount of water discharge) is much greater than that of season (I. E. groundwater depth). According to the recharge scheme, the reirrigation can be used efficiently, and its efficiency is above 95%. Due to the existence of the top receding process in a water discharge cycle, the actual daily discharge is smaller than the controlled discharge of the sluice gate, but it is calculated. The guarantee rate of the recharge scheme is higher (more than 92.5%) and has little effect on the recharge amount.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.73

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