西部山区大型滑坡分类及识别图谱初步研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 20:41

本文选题：西部山区 + 大型滑坡　；参考：《成都理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：西部山区地形地质条件复杂,地质构造活动频繁,斜坡在极端天气、人类工程活动及强震影响下容易形成突发性滑坡,这些滑坡往往具有规模大、隐蔽强和危险性大等特点,因此防灾减灾的难度很大。目前,具有隐蔽性、突发性特征的大型滑坡隐患的早期识别和预警预报是国际滑坡研究领域关注的热点和难点。早期识别及预警是大型滑坡灾害预测与防治的重要途径。为此,本文针对西部山区大型滑坡,开展了滑坡分类及识别图谱的探讨和研究。本文通过对西部山区地质环境和已经发生的大型滑坡资料收集整理,并结合野外实地调查和已有相关文献查阅,提出了西部山区大型滑坡分类方案,分析归纳了各类滑坡的形成条件及演化过程和早期识别指标,采用素描和计算机作图软件分析建立了西部山区大型滑坡识别图谱。主要研究内容及成果如下:(1)提出了基于关键致灾因子的滑坡模式分类方案,将西部山区大型滑坡分为了19类:(1)块体倾倒、(2)压缩-倾倒、(3)浅层倾倒、(4)深层倾倒、(5)蠕滑-拉裂、(6)蠕滑-拉裂-剪断、(7)压缩-拉裂-剪断、(8)塌陷-拉裂-剪断、(9)滑移-剪断、(10)滑移-拉裂(土)、(11)滑移-拉裂(岩)、(12)旋转-拉裂、(13)楔形体滑移、(14)平推式滑移、(15)视倾向滑移-剪断、(16)塑流-拉裂、(17)阶梯状滑移、(18)滑移-支撑拱、(19)滑移-弯曲-剪断。(2)针对19类滑坡收集了西部山区已发生典型实例44个滑坡(见附录A2),并按上述方案对已发生典型滑坡进行了归类,详细分析了其中16个实例滑坡的形成条件和动态演化过程。在典型实例相关资料分析的基础上,总结出每一类滑坡形成必要条件(地形地貌条件、岩性结构条件、诱发条件)和形成演化过程等。(3)建立了大型滑坡识别图谱的构建方法,采用计算机辅助设计软AutoCAD和Adobe Photoshop作图软件,运用透视法原理绘制了19类滑坡的四阶段立体识别图,建立了各个阶段的相应识别指标。最终构建了19类滑坡的不同演化阶段的三维识别图谱及识别指标,包括形成条件识别、早期识别、前兆判别和成灾模式识别(见附录A1)。
[Abstract]:The terrain and geological conditions in the western mountainous area are complex, the geological structure activities are frequent, and the slope is easy to form sudden landslides under the influence of extreme weather, human engineering activities and strong earthquakes. These landslides are often characterized by large scale, strong concealment and great danger. Therefore, disaster prevention and mitigation is very difficult. At present, the early identification and early warning of large landslide hidden dangers with hidden and sudden characteristics are the hot and difficult points in the international landslide research field. Early identification and early warning are important ways to predict and prevent large landslide disasters. In this paper, the classification and identification map of landslide are discussed and studied in view of the large landslide in western mountainous area. Based on the data collection and arrangement of the geological environment and the large-scale landslides that have occurred in the western mountainous area, combined with the field investigation and the reference of the relevant documents, this paper puts forward the classification scheme of the large-scale landslides in the western mountainous areas. The forming conditions, evolution process and early identification index of various kinds of landslides are analyzed and summarized, and the identification map of large-scale landslides in western mountainous area is established by using sketch and computer mapping software. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) A landslide model classification scheme based on key disaster factors is proposed. A large landslide in the western mountainous area is divided into 19 categories: 1) block toppling (2) compression-tipping (3) shallow tipping (4) deep tipping (5) creeping-pulling crack (6) peristaltic sliding-tension cracking-shear shearing (7) compression-tension-shearing (8) collapse-tension-shearing) collapse-tension-shearing-slip 9) slippage Slipping-Shear fracture (Shear / Shear 10) Sliding-pull crack (Sliding-tension (12) rotation-tension (13) Wedge slip / slip (14) flat push slip / Shear / Shear / Shear / Split-16) plastic Flow-Shear crack (17) Stairwise slip (18) Slip-Support Arch (19C) Slide / slip / slip slip For 19 types of landslides, 44 typical landslides have been collected (see appendix A2N) for 19 types of landslides (see appendix A2N), and the typical landslides have been classified according to the above scheme. The forming conditions and dynamic evolution process of 16 cases of landslide are analyzed in detail. Based on the analysis of the relevant data of typical examples, the necessary conditions (landform and geomorphology condition, lithologic structure condition, induced condition) and formation and evolution process of each kind of landslide are summarized, and the construction method of large-scale landslide identification atlas is established. Using the software of AutoCAD and Adobe Photoshop in computer aided design, the four-stage stereoscopic recognition map of 19 kinds of landslides is drawn by using the principle of perspective method, and the corresponding identification indexes of each stage are established. Finally, three dimensional identification atlas and identification indexes of 19 types of landslides at different stages of evolution were constructed, including formation condition identification, early identification, precursor discrimination and disaster pattern recognition (see appendix A1).
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P642.22

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