基于CityEngine平台的砌体结构震害三维模拟

发布时间：2018-05-10 14:24

本文选题：砌体结构 + 三维震害模拟　；参考：《中国地震局工程力学研究所》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着智慧城市新兴概念的发展,建设三维城市地震灾场对于统筹规划震后救援、震前防灾演练有着重要的作用。三维地震灾场能够直观的表现出地震区域建筑的破坏情况,为震前的防震演练工作和震后救援工作提供指导。目前三维城市建模技术发展很快,但是在地震中的应用较少,其主要原因是国内学者目前采用的主流方法是进行建筑物单体精细化建模,然后导入到地理信息平台中,这种方法对于建筑物震害的表现较详细,但是受计算机性能的限制,同时建模周期长。由于建筑在地震中有五种破坏等级,这种单体建模的方法就需要对一个建筑建立5种模型,同时还要根据建筑不同的破坏等级导入不同的模型,这使得建模的工作量大大增加,同时建筑模型的更迭速度也大大降低,所以急需一种城市三维模拟技术,既能达到三维灾场要求的精细度,同时能够保证建模效率,并保证不同破坏等级模型的更迭更为简洁方便。随着地理信息技术的发展,二维地理信息的分析和处理已经满足不了人们的需要,更加直观更多信息的城市三维模拟技术成为了当今时代的主流方向。近些年,随着智慧城市概念的发展,城市三维建模技术有了很大的提高,同时也遇到了新的问题,城市级别建筑模拟技术需要建筑模型达到一定的精细度,同时还要兼顾计算机的性能,以及三维场景的建立周期。现在主流的城市三维建模技术主要为倾斜摄影配合三维地理信息平台,将倾斜摄影的图片和建筑属性挂接,达到模型精度和建模效率同时提升的效果,对计算机的运算性能要求高。还有采用手工建立建筑模型导入地理信息平台的方法,此方法一般用于项目规划,市政工程管理等方面,模型的精细度高,建模的周期长,数据量庞大,对计算机要求高,成本也相对较高。CityEngine软件提出了规则建模的概念,将之前的直观建模转变为程序建模,这种将建筑模型规则化的方法极大地缩短了城市建筑群的建模周期,建立一类建筑的规则文件,应用到不同属性的地块上,便完成了该类建筑的模型建立。同时建筑模型规则划可以将建筑分成不同的构件,每个构件也可以赋予不同的属性值,这样就为不同破坏等级的建筑模拟提供了方便。本文利用CityEngine这个优点,完成了对砌体结构建筑的震害模拟。砌体结构建筑是城市中比较常见的建筑,多用于住宅、医院、教学楼等楼层不高的建筑,建筑形状相对规则,易于分析震害机理,震害分布存在一定规律。在中国砌体结构建筑仍然有很大的数量,对于砌体结构的震害模拟有一定的必要性。砌体结构建筑中墙体为主要承重构件,墙体破坏对于结构安全性能影响很大,砌体结构墙体的震害特征也十分明显。本文的主要研究工作为:1.通过理论分析砌体结构构件剪力与强度的关系,推导出构件裂缝等级的计算方法,并应用到简化模型上,为砌体结构震害分布规律提供理论基础;2.通过震害实例统计分析得到砌体结构震害分布规律,设计震害实例统计方法,给出砌体结构震害分布计算流程,根据统计结果,得到震害分布函数L(d)、M(d)、H(d)、楼层影响函数F(i)、构件影响系数β_j、形状影响系数γ_k;3.在CityEngine平台中应用震害分布规律计算方法,模拟出单个简化模型建筑的震害分布情况,并以汶川县城为例,模拟城市级别的砌体结构震害分布情况。
[Abstract]:With the development of the new concept of Intelligent City, the construction of three dimensional urban earthquake disaster field plays an important role in planning the rescue after the earthquake and the disaster prevention and rehearsal before the earthquake. The three-dimensional earthquake field can directly show the destruction of the earthquake area building, and provide guidance for the earthquake prevention and rehearsal before the earthquake and the rescue work after the earthquake. The development of modeling technology is very fast, but it is seldom used in earthquake. The main reason is that the mainstream method used by domestic scholars is to carry out the fine modeling of the building monomer, and then import it into the geographic information platform. This method is more detailed in the performance of the earthquake damage, but is limited by the computer performance, and the modeling cycle is at the same time. Long. Since there are five types of destruction in an earthquake, this single modeling method needs to set up 5 models for a building. At the same time, it is necessary to import different models according to the different damage grades of the building, which makes the workload of the modeling greatly increased and the changing speed of the building model is greatly reduced, so the city is in urgent need of a city. Three-dimensional simulation technology can not only achieve the precision of the three dimensional disaster field, but also ensure the efficiency of modeling, and ensure that the change of different damage level model is more concise and convenient. With the development of geographic information technology, the analysis and processing of two-dimensional geographic information can not meet the needs of people and more information more in the city. In recent years, with the development of the concept of Intelligent City, with the development of the concept of Intelligent City, the technology of three-dimensional modeling of city has been greatly improved, and new problems have been encountered. The simulation technology of urban level building needs to achieve a certain degree of refinement, at the same time, the performance of the computer and the three-dimensional scene should be taken into account. The mainstream urban 3D modeling technology is mainly for the tilt photography matching with the three-dimensional geographic information platform, which hangs the picture and building properties of the tilt camera, achieves the effect of improving the model accuracy and the modeling efficiency simultaneously, and requires high computing performance of the computer. The manual building model is also used to import geographic information by hand. The method of platform is generally used in project planning, municipal engineering management and so on. The precision of the model is high, the period of modeling is long, the amount of data is huge, the requirement of the computer is high and the cost is relatively high, the concept of rule modeling is put forward in.CityEngine software, and the previous intuitionistic modeling is transformed into the program modeling, which will rule the rules of the building model. The method greatly shortens the period of the modeling of the urban building group, establishes a class of rules of the building, and applies it to the plots of different properties, and completes the model of this kind of building. This article makes use of the advantage of CityEngine. This paper makes use of the advantages of this paper to simulate the earthquake damage to masonry structures. Masonry structure is a common building in the city. It is often used in residential buildings, hospitals, teaching buildings and other buildings, which are relatively regular in the shape of buildings, easy to analyze the mechanism of earthquake damage, and the distribution of earthquake damage. In certain rules, there are still a large number of masonry structures in China, which is necessary for the earthquake damage simulation of masonry structures. The walls in masonry structures are the main load-bearing components, the wall destruction has a great influence on the safety of the structure, and the seismic damage characteristics of the masonry structure wall are very obvious. The main research work of this paper is the main research work of this paper. 1.: through the theoretical analysis of the relationship between the shear strength and the strength of the masonry structure, the calculation method of the crack grade of the component is deduced and applied to the simplified model to provide the theoretical basis for the distribution of the masonry structure. 2. the distribution law of the earthquake damage of masonry structure is obtained by the statistical analysis of the earthquake damage cases, and the statistical method of earthquake damage examples is designed and the construction of the earthquake damage example is given. According to the statistical results, the seismic damage distribution function L (d), M (d), H (d), the floor influence function F (I), the influence coefficient beta _j and the shape influence coefficient gamma _k are obtained. 3. the earthquake damage distribution of the single simplified model building is simulated by using the calculation method of the seismic damage distribution law in the CityEngine platform, and the Wenchuan county city is used as the result. For example, simulate the earthquake damage distribution of masonry structures at city level.

【学位授予单位】：中国地震局工程力学研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P315.9

【参考文献】