不同空间尺度影响古代社会演化的环境和技术因素探讨

发布时间：2018-05-11 22:15

本文选题：史前时代 + 历史时期　；参考：《中国科学:地球科学》2017年12期

【摘要】：古文化兴衰和文明演化的过程及其动力是广受关注的热点科学问题,然而,对该问题的认识存在较多的分歧与争议.本文对史前和历史时期遗址废弃、文化兴衰和人口变化,及其环境和技术影响因素的研究案例进行了梳理,提出在不同空间尺度,影响古代人类社会演化的主导因素是不一样的.在局地尺度上,突发性灾害是导致大型聚落毁灭或废弃的重要影响因素.在区域尺度上,十年至百年时间尺度的气候干旱或寒冷事件是导致古文明衰退和人类大规模迁徙的主要诱发因素,而持续稳定适宜的气候则促使古文明的兴盛.在大陆-全球尺度上,百年至千年时间尺度的重大技术革新及其扩散,是推动人口显著增长和社会进步的主要动力.在此基础上,阐释了不同空间尺度下,环境和技术因素对古代人类生存和社会演化产生影响的可能机制.
[Abstract]:The process and motive force of the rise and fall of ancient culture and the evolution of civilization is a hot scientific issue that has received much attention. However, there are many differences and controversies in the understanding of this problem. In this paper, the author sorts out the research cases of the abandoned sites, the rise and fall of culture, the population change, and its environmental and technological factors in prehistoric and historical period, and puts forward the research cases on different spatial scales. The dominant factors affecting the evolution of ancient human society are different. On a local scale, sudden disasters are important factors leading to the destruction or abandonment of large settlements. On the regional scale, the climatic drought or cold events in the time scale of ten to one hundred years are the main factors leading to the decline of ancient civilization and the mass migration of human beings, while the sustainable and stable climate promotes the prosperity of ancient civilization. On a continental-global scale, major technological innovations and their diffusion over a century to a millennium are the main drivers of significant population growth and social progress. On this basis, the possible mechanisms of the influence of environmental and technological factors on the survival and social evolution of ancient human beings on different spatial scales are explained.
【作者单位】：兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室兰州大学资源环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41620104007和41671077) 兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(编号:LZUJBKY-2015-K09)资助
【分类号】：K86;P532

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