基于反Q滤波和IGST技术的地震高分辨处理研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 21:45

本文选题：高分辨率 + 层Q反演　；参考：《成都理工大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：为有效提高地震信号的分辨率并充分挖掘地震信号中各种频率成分所包含的振幅、频率及相位信息,从而用于高分辨率的含油气性预测和高精度的地质体刻画,最终实现高精度的储层结构分析,本论文研究了高分辨率地震资料处理方法,研究工作主要包括以下内容:(1)通过对零井源距VSP资料的监控子波和下行直达波的振幅谱分析,给出了零井源距VSP资料下行直达波振幅谱的表达式,并在此表达式的基础上提出了用于稳定的层Q值反演的振幅谱多项式拟合法和振幅谱比值多项式拟合法。(2)基于地震数据的动态范围、反Q滤波振幅补偿的增益限、反Q滤波振幅补偿函数和地层品质因子,提出一种用于反Q滤波振幅补偿的Q值自适应优化方法,只要将增益限和与之对应的优化的Q值及反Q滤波振幅补偿函数同时使用,就可恢复地震波有效频带范围内的能量,提高各时刻地震记录的分辨率,最终获得高分辨率和高信噪比的地震数据。(3)基于地震数据的动态范围,提出了一种自适应增益限的稳定因子法反Q滤波振幅补偿方法;该方法中,反Q滤波振幅补偿函数的增益限自适应于地震数据有效频带的截止频率,且稳定因子与自适应增益限的平方成反比;因此,该方法可完全恢复有效频带范围内地震信号的能量,并较好的控制反Q滤波振幅补偿的数值非稳定性问题和吉普斯效应,最终获得高分辨率和高信噪比的地震记录。(4)结合广义S变换和小波变换的特性,提出了改进的广义S变换(IGST,Improved Generalized S Transform),并被用于油气预测。IGST可获得信号的高精度的时频瞬时振幅谱、时频瞬时相位谱及时频初始相位谱;IGST不仅可使信号的高频成分的时频瞬时振幅谱、时频瞬时相位谱及时频初始相位谱具有较高的时间分辨率,也可使信号的低频成分的时频瞬时振幅谱、时频瞬时相位谱及时频初始相位谱具有较高的时间分辨率。(5)基于IGST的时频瞬时振幅谱、时频瞬时相位谱和时频初始相位谱,提出了一种具有较高分辨率的属性,即时间相位域振幅谱,并用于边缘检测。
[Abstract]:In order to effectively improve the resolution of seismic signal and fully excavate the amplitude, frequency and phase information contained in various frequency components of seismic signal, it can be used for high-resolution oil-gas-bearing prediction and high-precision geological description. Finally, high precision reservoir structure analysis is realized. In this paper, the processing method of high resolution seismic data is studied. The research work mainly includes the following contents: 1) the amplitude spectrum analysis of monitoring wavelet and downlink direct wave of zero-well source-distance VSP data is carried out. The expression of amplitude spectrum of downlink direct wave in zero-well source-distance VSP data is given. Based on this expression, the amplitude spectrum polynomial fitting method and amplitude spectral ratio polynomial fitting method for stable layer Q value inversion are proposed. The gain limit of amplitude compensation by inverse Q filter is proposed based on the dynamic range of seismic data. In this paper, an adaptive Q-value optimization method for amplitude compensation of inverse Q filter is proposed by using the amplitude compensation function of inverse Q filter and formation quality factor. The gain limit is combined with the corresponding optimized Q value and the amplitude compensation function of inverse Q filter. In order to recover the energy in the effective frequency band of seismic wave and improve the resolution of seismic records at every moment, the seismic data with high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained finally based on the dynamic range of seismic data. In this method, the gain limit of the amplitude compensation function of the inverse Q filter is adaptive to the cutoff frequency of the effective frequency band of seismic data. The stability factor is inversely proportional to the square of the adaptive gain limit, so this method can completely recover the energy of the seismic signal in the effective frequency band, and better control the numerical instability problem of amplitude compensation of inverse Q filter and the Gyibug effect. Finally, seismic records with high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio are obtained.) combined with the characteristics of generalized S transform and wavelet transform, an improved generalized S transform is proposed, which can be used to obtain high precision time-frequency instantaneous amplitude spectrum of oil and gas prediction. The time-frequency instantaneous phase spectrum IGST can not only make the time-frequency instantaneous amplitude spectrum of the high-frequency component of the signal, but also the time-frequency instantaneous phase spectrum has a higher time resolution. The time-frequency instantaneous amplitude spectrum, time-frequency instantaneous phase spectrum and time-frequency initial phase spectrum of the low frequency component of the signal can also be obtained, and the time-frequency instantaneous amplitude spectrum, the time-frequency instantaneous phase spectrum and the time-frequency initial phase spectrum based on IGST can be obtained. An attribute with high resolution, namely amplitude spectrum in time phase domain, is proposed and used for edge detection.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P631.4

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