多属性联合反演储层地震预测方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 02:09

本文选题：储层正演分析 + 地震属性优选　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着油气田勘探与开发的深入,油藏研究面临的地质条件越来越复杂,储层研究也面临着诸多挑战。地震数据蕴含了大量的油藏信息,包含了地层的构造信息,以及储层的岩性、物性以及流体等信息,如何应用地震属性挖掘地震数据包括的油藏信息,以及认识地震属性及优化地震属性开展地震多属性反演是储层研究的关键。论文首先综合前人的研究结果对地震属性按几何类、动力学类、反演类及混合属性进行了分类,进一步分为结构属性、体属性、AVO分析、振幅、相位、频率、衰减、叠前反演、叠后反演和混合属性十个小类,并以列表的方式分析了地震属性的地质意义、物理意义,为地震属性的优选提供理论支持方案,此外,对地震属性的提取和储层预测方法进行了详细的论述。针对储层厚度、物性、流体变化以及薄互层影响四个方面因素构建了相应的地震正演模型,分析并总结了上述储层参数变化对地震响应的影响规律:储层厚度、岩性和物性变化主要影响地震反射的幅值变化,因此,振幅类的属性以及波阻抗反演能够较好地识别砂、泥岩储层的厚度、岩性和物性变化。对于流体变化,地震响应相对较弱,需综合多项技术与多种资料开展综合分析,以降低流体预测的多解性。薄互层模型分析表明,隔夹层存在不仅影响地震反射的幅值,也对地震波形的频率和相位特性产生影响,因此,应结合振幅、频率和相位属性进行隔夹层预测。地震属性能够反映储层的不同特征,但由于实际地质条件的复杂性,应用某一属性解决实际地质问题时,往往面临着地震属性表征多解的问题,开展地震多属性分析是降低多解性的有效途径。为此,本文针对储层厚度与隔夹层研究的生产需求,对刻画储层厚度变化的楔形模型,以及反映隔夹层发育的薄互层模型的正演数据进行了敏感地震属性分析,优选了反映二者的敏感地震属性集合,为地震属性优选及多属性联合反演储层预测奠定了理论基础。针对单一属性储层预测应用的多解性问题,课题开展了地震多属性反演与储层参数定量预测研究,详细阐述了地震多属性反演技术方法与实现过程,包括:地震多属性反演目标函数构建、多元逐步回归敏感地震属性分析和基于概率神经网络的地震多属性反演。最后,通过M油田的实际应用,实现了砂体的地震属性分析、储层参数的敏感属性优选和储层厚度与孔隙度的定量预测,取得了较好的应用效果。
[Abstract]:With the exploration and development of oil and gas fields, the geological conditions of reservoir research are becoming more and more complex, and the reservoir research is also facing many challenges. Seismic data contain a lot of reservoir information, including formation structure information, as well as reservoir lithology, physical properties and fluid information. How to use seismic attributes to mine reservoir information including seismic data, Recognition of seismic attributes and optimization of seismic attributes for seismic multi-attribute inversion are the key to reservoir research. In this paper, seismic attributes are classified according to geometry, dynamics, inversion and mixed attributes, which are further divided into structural attributes, volume attribute AVO analysis, amplitude, phase, frequency, attenuation, prestack inversion. Ten sub-categories of post-stack inversion and mixed attributes are analyzed in this paper, and the geological and physical meanings of seismic attributes are analyzed in a tabular way, which provides a theoretical support scheme for the optimal selection of seismic attributes. The methods of seismic attribute extraction and reservoir prediction are discussed in detail. According to the four factors of reservoir thickness, physical property, fluid change and thin interbed influence, the corresponding forward seismic model is constructed, and the influence of reservoir parameters on seismic response is analyzed and summarized: reservoir thickness, reservoir thickness, The variation of lithology and physical property mainly affects the amplitude change of seismic reflection. Therefore, the properties of amplitude class and wave impedance inversion can better identify the thickness, lithology and physical property of sand and mudstone reservoir. For fluid variation, the seismic response is relatively weak, so it is necessary to synthesize multiple techniques and data for comprehensive analysis in order to reduce the multi-solvability of fluid prediction. The analysis of thin interlayer model shows that the existence of interlayer not only affects the amplitude of seismic reflection, but also affects the frequency and phase characteristics of seismic waveforms. Therefore, the interlayer prediction should be combined with amplitude, frequency and phase attributes. Seismic attributes can reflect different characteristics of reservoir, but because of the complexity of actual geological conditions, the application of one attribute to solve practical geological problems often faces the problem of multiple solutions represented by seismic attributes. Seismic multi-attribute analysis is an effective way to reduce multi-solution. In this paper, according to the production demand of the research on reservoir thickness and interbed, the sensitive seismic attribute analysis is carried out on the wedge-shaped model which describes the variation of reservoir thickness and the forward data of thin interbed model which reflects the development of interbed. A set of sensitive seismic attributes reflecting both of them is selected, which lays a theoretical foundation for seismic attribute selection and multi-attribute joint inversion of reservoir prediction. Aiming at the multi-solution problem of single attribute reservoir prediction, the research on seismic multi-attribute inversion and reservoir parameter quantitative prediction is carried out in this paper, and the technical method and realization process of seismic multi-attribute inversion are described in detail. It includes: constructing objective function of seismic multi-attribute inversion, multivariate stepwise regression sensitive seismic attribute analysis and seismic multi-attribute inversion based on probabilistic neural network. Finally, through the practical application of M oilfield, the seismic attribute analysis of sand body, the selection of sensitive attributes of reservoir parameters and the quantitative prediction of reservoir thickness and porosity have been realized, and good application results have been obtained.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P618.13;P631.4

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