某电厂主要建（构）筑物沉降分析及预测

发布时间：2018-05-18 02:15

本文选题：火电厂 + 地基沉降预测　；参考：《河北工程大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：尽管顺应社会进步的要求,火电厂正逐步被其他新兴发电方式所取代,但是在当今社会的能源结构中,火电厂仍然占有重要地位。由于各电厂地质条件的不同,建筑物沉降量也各不相同,同一建(构)筑物的不同观测点也会因荷载不同而产生不均匀的沉降,电厂建(构)筑物的不均匀沉降会导致电厂设备运行条件恶化、工作效率降低,甚至危及人民生命财产安全,因此,对电厂从建造到运行的整个过程的沉降变形进行观测是非常有必要的。这样,可以准确、及时地安排合理的施工程序和进度、预测建筑物地基的最终沉降量,保证电厂正常安全有效地运行。传统的应用固结理论计算地基沉降的方法,由于假设多且不合理、求解困难等多种因素限制,而使得沉降的计算值与理论值差异较大。为了使沉降预测值较为符合实际情况,技术人员一直在努力探讨合理的地基沉降预测方法。在长期的工程实践中人们逐渐认识到沉降曲线的变化是存在一定规律的,即与某些人们所熟知的曲线类型变化规律相同,据此,依据前期沉降观测数据的变化规律来预测沉降曲线未来的走势成为了可能。双曲线法的理论基础是根据大量实测数据总结出来的经验公式,作为一种基于实测数据来预测地基沉降的方法,双曲线法具有待定参数较少且容易确定、计算误差相对较小、表示沉降发展规律与很多实际工程相符合等优点,因此得到广泛的应用,三点法的理论基础是一维固结理论,当点的选取合适时预测结果也较为理想,修正指数曲线法在指数曲线法的基础上得到改进,对观测数据有更好的适应性,使用范围较为广泛。本文以某电厂为工程背景,选用火力发电厂建(构)筑物基础沉降预测软件系统中的双曲线法、三点法、修正指数曲线法等拟合方法,利用沉降观测资料对该电厂部分建(构)筑物地基最终沉降量做了预测,并结合工程的观测数据进行了对比分析,预测效果较为理想,可以为类似的工程提供指导。在实际拟合时发现,对于双曲线拟合法来说,选取不同的拟合起始点,即S0和t0,会导致地基沉降预测的最终沉降量有较大区别,因此如果能选取合适的S0和t0至关重要。三点法和修正指数曲线法拟合效果也较好,对于后期地基沉降预测与双曲线法的预测结果相比较为保守,预测结果也能达到满意效果。
[Abstract]:Although thermal power plants are gradually being replaced by other new power generation methods in accordance with the requirements of social progress, thermal power plants still occupy an important position in the energy structure of today's society. Because of the different geological conditions of each power plant, the settlement of the building is different, and the different observation points of the same building (construction) will also produce uneven settlement due to the different loads. The uneven settlement of building materials in power plant will lead to the deterioration of operation conditions of power plant equipment, the decrease of working efficiency and even the endangering of the safety of people's life and property. It is necessary to observe the settlement and deformation of power plant from construction to operation. In this way, the reasonable construction procedure and schedule can be arranged accurately and timely, the final settlement of the building foundation can be predicted, and the normal, safe and effective operation of the power plant can be ensured. The traditional method of calculating foundation settlement by consolidation theory is different from the theoretical value because of many assumptions and unreasonable assumptions and many other factors such as difficulty in solving the settlement. In order to make the settlement prediction value more in line with the actual situation, technicians have been trying to explore a reasonable foundation settlement prediction method. In the long-term engineering practice, people have gradually realized that there are certain laws in the variation of settlement curve, that is, the change law is the same as that of some familiar curve types. It is possible to predict the future trend of the settlement curve based on the variation of the observed data. The theoretical basis of hyperbolic method is the empirical formula summarized from a large number of measured data. As a method of predicting foundation settlement based on measured data, hyperbolic method has less parameters to be determined and easy to determine, and the calculation error is relatively small. The theory of three-point method is based on one-dimensional consolidation theory, and the prediction result is ideal when the selection of points is suitable. The modified exponential curve method is improved on the basis of exponential curve method, which has better adaptability to observation data and is widely used. In this paper, based on the engineering background of a power plant, hyperbolic method, three-point method, modified exponential curve method and other fitting methods are used in the software system of building (construction) foundation settlement prediction in thermal power plant. Based on the settlement observation data, the final settlement of part of the building in the power plant is forecasted, and compared with the observation data of the project. The result of the prediction is satisfactory and can provide guidance for similar projects. In the actual fitting, it is found that for hyperbolic fitting, choosing different fitting starting points, that is, S _ 0 and t _ 0, will lead to great difference in the final settlement of foundation settlement prediction, so it is very important to select suitable S _ 0 and t _ 0. The results of three-point method and modified exponential curve method are also good, and the prediction results are more conservative than that of hyperbolic method, and the prediction results can reach satisfactory results.
【学位授予单位】：河北工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU433

【参考文献】