基于时频二次谱的提高地震资料分辨率方法（英文）

发布时间：2018-05-19 14:34

本文选题：提高分辨率 + S变换　；参考：《Applied Geophysics》2017年02期

【摘要】：提高地震资料的分辨率是地震数据处理流程中的重要环节,对后续的精细构造解释起到重要作用。传统的提高分辨率方法大都假设地震资料是稳态的并且噪声水平不随空间发生变化,而实际情况不满足这一假设,导致提高分辨率处理后的效果达不到预期要求。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于时频二次谱的提高地震资料分辨率方法。首先,文中提出了基于S变换的时频二次谱,并结合模型论述了时变子波和反射系数在时频二次谱中的特征及其可分离性;其次,依据时变子波和反射系数在时频二次谱中的特征差异,构建了二维滤波器在地震记录的时频二次谱中提取时变子波的振幅谱;再次,文中研究了噪声环境中时变提高分辨率算子设计方法,并提出了依据时频谱能量强弱相对关系自适应确定频带拓宽范围的时变提高分辨率算子设计,进行提高分辨率处理;最后,文中对该方法进行了模型和实际数据的试处理,并与传统谱模拟方法和Q补偿方法的处理结果进行了对比分析,对比结果表明:本方法不需要估计Q值,提高分辨率能力不受震源子波频带的限制,在兼顾信噪比的前提下能够充分提高不同时间局部的地震数据的分辨率。
[Abstract]:Improving the resolution of seismic data is an important link in the process of seismic data processing and plays an important role in the subsequent fine structure interpretation. Most of the traditional resolution enhancement methods assume that the seismic data are stable and the noise level does not change with the space, but the actual situation does not meet this assumption, resulting in the improved resolution processing effect can not meet the expected requirements. To solve this problem, this paper presents a method to improve the resolution of seismic data based on time-frequency quadratic spectrum. Firstly, the time-frequency quadratic spectrum based on S-transform is proposed, and the characteristics and separability of time-varying wavelet and reflection coefficient in time-frequency quadratic spectrum are discussed in combination with the model. According to the characteristic difference of time-varying wavelet and reflection coefficient in time-frequency quadratic spectrum, a two-dimensional filter is constructed to extract amplitude spectrum of time-varying wavelet from time-frequency quadratic spectrum of seismic records. In this paper, the design method of time-varying resolution operator in noise environment is studied, and the time-varying resolution operator is designed adaptively according to the relative relation of time-spectrum energy to determine the bandwidth widening range, and the improved resolution is processed. Finally, the model and actual data are processed and compared with the results of the traditional spectral simulation method and the Q compensation method. The results show that the method does not need to estimate the Q value. The improvement of resolution is not limited by the source wavelet frequency band, and the resolution of seismic data at different time can be fully improved under the premise of taking into account the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
【作者单位】：中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院;东方地球物理公司博士后科研工作站;山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院;中国石油大学胜利学院油气工程学院;
【基金】：financially supported by the National 973 Project(No.2014CB239006) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41104069 and 41274124) the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.R1401005A)
【分类号】：P631.44

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