满洲里—灵泉地区铀矿遥感异常研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 20:34

本文选题：铀矿 + 满洲里-灵泉地区　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：满洲里-灵泉地区地处克鲁伦-额尔古纳火山岩型铀矿成矿带内，与处于同一成矿带内的俄罗斯斯特列措夫铀矿田和蒙古多尔诺特铀矿田具有相似的铀成矿地质条件，具有良好的找矿前景。遥感找铀主要是利用遥感手段研究与铀矿相关的遥感地质信息及遥感蚀变信息，本文在研究中分别运用了OLI、ETM+和ASTER多光谱遥感数据，对研究区进行了遥感地质构造解译和遥感异常信息的提取，取得成果如下： 1.遥感地质信息的研究。利用OLI、ETM+、DEM数据，根据遥感影像的色调、地形、地貌、水系、纹形图案等建立解译标志对研究区的线环构造进行了构造解译。解译出区内的构造格局：区内线构造发育，主要成因为断层、节理裂隙和岩性界线等，各方向均有发育，其中东西向为最早期，可见明显受后期构造改造特征；北西向发育最晚（或是继承性新的活动）。其中，北东向的主干断裂、次级断裂或断裂相交部位以及火山机构共同构成了研究区火山岩型铀矿成矿的构造条件，控制着铀矿的形成。 2.遥感异常信息提取的研究。根据野外采集的岩石样本描述和测得的光谱信息以及区域地质背景资料，分析了研究区内主要的蚀变类型及其光谱特征。在可见光-短波红外光谱范围内，利用ASTER数据的1-9波段数据，采用主成分分析法，设计波段组合，提取了与铀成矿相关的绿泥石化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化和铁染蚀变，并成图分级显示提取结果。在热红外光谱范围内，将ASTER热红外10-14波段数据的DN值转为发射率，利用SiO2含量反演的公式提取了研究区内的硅化信息，并成图分级显示。大型的断裂活动致使热液上升形成硅化断裂带，，在SiO2含量图上会呈现一定的线性特征。 3.将研究区的构造解译结果与遥感异常提取结果叠加，结合野外岩石样本和已知铀矿（异常）点进行分析。发现，断裂构造发育的东部地区SiO2含量较高，硅化蚀变发育，并且构造断裂与SiO2含量高的硅化断裂带相吻合，已知岩石样本和铀矿点均有硅化蚀变发育。断裂之间的交错为矿液的运移提供了良好的通道，而周边的断裂破碎带为铀矿提供了储存矿液的空间，这些部位为铀的迁移和富集提供了构造环境，是成矿的有利地段。所提取的蚀变信息与铀异常点的吻合程度较好，在一定程度上能指示铀矿（异常）的存在。
[Abstract]:The Manzhouli-Lingquan area is located in the Crulen-Erguna volcanic type uranium metallogenic belt, and has similar uranium metallogenic geological conditions with the Russian Stryzov uranium ore field and the Mongol Dornot uranium ore field, which are located in the same metallogenic belt. It has a good prospect of prospecting. Remote sensing is mainly used to study remote sensing geological information and remote sensing alteration information related to uranium deposits. In this paper, OLII-ETM and ASTER multispectral remote sensing data are used in the study, respectively. The remote sensing geological structure interpretation and remote sensing anomaly information extraction are carried out in the study area. The results are as follows: 1. The study of remote sensing geological information. Based on the data of OLIX ETM / Dem and the tone, topography, geomorphology, water system and pattern of the remote sensing image, the structural interpretation of the linear ring structure of the study area is carried out. The structural pattern in the area is interpreted as follows: the inner line of the area is developed, mainly due to faults, joint fissures and lithologic boundaries, all of which are developed in each direction, of which the east-west direction is the earliest, which can be seen obviously by the characteristics of late structural transformation; NW trending is the latest (or inherited, new) activity. Among them, the main faults, the secondary faults or the intersecting parts of the faults and the volcanic mechanism constitute the tectonic conditions of the volcanic type uranium deposits in the study area, which control the formation of the uranium deposits. 2. Research on extraction of abnormal information from remote sensing. The main alteration types and their spectral characteristics in the study area are analyzed based on the description of rock samples and the spectral information measured in the field and the regional geological background data. In the range of visible light and short wave infrared spectrum, using 1-9 band data of ASTER data and principal component analysis (PCA), the green mud, sericite, carbonization and iron stain alteration related to uranium mineralization were extracted. The extraction results are shown in graph grading. In the range of thermal infrared spectrum, the DN value of ASTER thermal infrared 10-14 band data is converted into emissivity, and the silicification information in the study area is extracted by using the formula of SiO2 content inversion, and displayed in graph grading. Large-scale fault activity leads to hydrothermal rise to form silicified fault zone, which shows certain linear characteristics on SiO2 content diagram. 3. The results of structural interpretation and remote sensing anomaly extraction are superimposed, and the field rock samples and known uranium deposits (anomalies) are analyzed. It is found that the SiO2 content is relatively high in the eastern area where the fault structure is developed, and the silicide alteration is developed, and the structural fault coincides with the silicified fault zone with high SiO2 content. The known rock samples and uranium ore sites have silicified alteration development. The interlacing of faults provides a good channel for the migration of ore fluid, while the surrounding fracture zone provides a space for uranium ore to store, which provides a tectonic environment for uranium migration and enrichment, and is a favorable metallogenic area. The obtained alteration information is in good agreement with the uranium anomaly and can indicate the existence of uranium deposits to some extent.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P627;P619.14

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