海拉尔-塔木察格盆地成因机制及其控藏作用研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 04:13

本文选题：裂陷盆地 + 海塔盆地　；参考：《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：裂陷盆地是由Gregory于19世纪末对东非地堑进行研究时首次提出,指岩石圈板块作背向水平运动或地幔隆起时地壳中发育的、在地貌上表现为对称或不对称的中央深凹的谷地,基于盆地形成的构造环境和动力学背景考虑,裂陷盆地起因于地壳的张裂,但引起张裂的构造环境和动力学背景有可能属于拉张型、走滑型,甚至挤压型,根据拉张—裂陷型裂陷盆地分类方法,即按照岩石圈伸展特征,将裂陷盆地划分为两大类:主动裂陷盆地和被动裂陷盆地。本文在分析海拉尔-塔木察格盆地成因机制时,立足于松辽盆地、渤海湾盆地等主动裂谷盆地及穆格莱德盆地和迈卢特盆地等中西非典型被动裂陷盆地较成熟的认识,首先,将主动、被动裂陷盆地成因、构造、沉积及石油地质等特征进行对比,分析出两种不同岩石圈伸展特征的盆地各方面相区别的典型特征,发现被动裂陷盆地成因上无地幔热物质上拱作用,构造方面断裂形态陡,伸展率小,沉积速率小,沉积规模大,断陷期无火山活动,地温更低,沉积相序为间歇的湖泊—河流沉积,层序上表现多个粗—细—粗旋回,砂泥层间互沉积,烃源岩单层厚度小、仅发育在断陷期,生烃时间长,排烃效率高,油气储集以近源为主,分布集中,与主动裂谷盆地差异于14个参数,再结合海塔盆地这些方面特征的综合对比,认为海塔盆地的形成并非毫无规律,但也并不完全倾向于已存在的两种典型盆地的成因机制,最后,认清海塔盆地是多期盆地类型叠合形成的一种特殊盆地成因机制。系统定量分析海塔盆地的盆地成因机制及构造、沉积、成藏等石油地质方面的特征对控藏作用研究具有重要的指导作用,针对南一中段和南一上段两套烃源岩,分别发育于两种不同成因环境中,指出其油气运聚、保存条件和方式亦均不同,被动裂陷盆地性质控制发育“泛盆”式地层结构,主动裂陷盆地性质控制发育“复式小型断陷湖盆群”式地层结构,同时控制了烃源岩的发育特征,进而控制了其生成油气不同类型的成藏模式。研究结果表明:被动裂陷性质控制烃源岩薄层与砂岩间互沉积发育模式,其自生自储式油气富集主要受到早期伸展断裂控制;而主动裂陷性质控制烃源岩大套泥岩发育模式,其下生上储式油气聚集主要受到长期发育断裂的控制。上述研究对指导海塔盆地复式小型断陷湖盆式地层和泛盆式地层的深入勘探具有重要意义。同时对拓展包括海塔盆地在内的中亚蒙古构造带内的一系列被动裂谷盆地或具有叠加盆地性质的盆地的资源勘探具有指导作用,也为加快裂陷盆地新区块油气的进一步勘探夯实基础,是稳定我国东部老油田外围勘探增储上产的有利保障。
[Abstract]:The rifted basin was first proposed by Gregory during the study of the East African graben at the end of the nineteenth Century, indicating that the lithosphere plate was developed in the back horizontal movement or in the crust when the mantle was uplifted. The geomorphic and asymmetrical central deep concave Valley, based on the tectonic setting and dynamic background of the basin, was considered as the cause of the rifting basin. In the crust, the tectonic environment and the dynamic background of the tensile crack may belong to the tension type, the strike slip type and even the extrusion type. According to the classification of the tensional and rifted rift basin, the rifted basin is divided into two major categories: active and passive rifting basins. This paper analyses Hailar - The genesis mechanism of the tauncha basin is based on the mature understanding of the typical passive rift basins of the Songliao Basin, the Bohai Bay Basin and the MGM Root basin and the MGM basin and the MMW basin. First, it compares the characteristics of the active, passive rift basins, the formation, the structure, the deposition and the petroleum geology, and analyzes two different kinds of differences. The typical features of the lithosphere extensional features are that the passive rifting basin has no mantle thermal arches, the tectonic aspect of the basin is steep, the extension rate is small, the deposition rate is small, the deposition scale is large, there is no volcanic activity in the fault period, the geotemperature is lower, the depositional sequence is intermittent Lake fluvial deposit, sequence sequence table. There are several coarse fine coarse cycles, interbeds of sand and mud, small single layer thickness of source rock, only in fault depression period, long hydrocarbon generation time, high hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency, oil and gas reservoir near source, distribution concentration, 14 parameters different from active rift basin, combined with the comprehensive comparison of these aspects of the sea tower basin, it is considered that the formation of the sea tower basin is formed. It is not completely irregular, but it is not completely inclined to the genetic mechanism of the two typical basins that have existed. Finally, it is clear that the sea tower basin is a special basin genetic mechanism for the formation of multi period basin types. Two sets of hydrocarbon source rocks in the South first and South first segments are developed in two different genetic environments, indicating that the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, the preservation conditions and the ways are different. The nature of the passive rift basin is controlled by the "Pan basin" formation structure, and the nature control development of the active rift basin is complex. The stratigraphic structure of a small fault depression lake basin group controls the development characteristics of the source rocks and controls the formation of different types of hydrocarbon accumulation patterns. The results show that the passive rifting property controls the mutual deposition pattern between the thin layer of hydrocarbon source rock and the sandstone, and its self accumulating oil and gas accumulation is mainly controlled by early extension fracture. Active rifting controls the development pattern of large set of mudstones in the source rocks, and the accumulation of reservoir oil and gas is mainly controlled by long-term developmental faults. The above study is of great significance to the deep exploration of the basin type strata and pan basin strata in the compound small rift basin of the Hai TA basin. The exploration of a series of passive rift basins in the Mongolia tectonic belt or the basin with the nature of superimposed basin has a guiding role. It also provides a rammed foundation for further exploration of the oil and gas in the new area of the rifted basin, and is a favorable guarantee for stabilizing the exploration and storage in the periphery of the old oil fields in the eastern part of China.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13

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