浅层反射波的采集及处理技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 03:04

本文选题：浅层反射波 + 数据采集　；参考：《重庆大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着公路桥梁等现代化工程越来越多的投入到营运中,地质下层结构中存在的各种病害也不断显现。这不仅直接影响国家交通安全造成巨大的经济损失,更加威胁到人民的生命安全。因此,对重要路段的地下结构进行精确检测变得异常重要。其中浅层反射地震法是浅层地质勘探常用的技术。本文从数据采集和数据处理这两个关键环节对浅层地质勘探技术进行系统的研究。在数据采集方面主要介绍观测系统的设计、地震波激发和接收的选择,最后在基于.Net平台上设计一款上位机软件,该软件实现原始数据的采集与存储功能,以*.txt格式进行存储,但是地震勘探行业内常采用SEG-2文件存储格式,所以本文使用IXSeg2Segy软件实现格式转换;在数据处理方面主要介绍Radon变换、抽道集、速度分析、共反射多次叠加法、时-深转换的基本原理,在.Net平台上设计相应软件,并重点研究Radon变换和时-深转换。传统的反射波法是基于深层的反射波法,其不会受到较强面波的干扰,而本文研究是基于浅层,所以必须重视面波干扰。本文采用Radon变换达到滤除面波的效果,为后续准确计算反射波的层速度奠定了基础。本文根据时-深转换公式得出地层界面的埋藏深度,把在时间域中显示的地质构造转换到深度域中,这样地下结构情况可以更直观的展示出来。本文通过仿真数据对数据采集及数据处理程序进行验证。针对数据采集模块,通过信号发生器产生波形,在上位机软件上还原并存储波形来证明软件的可行性。针对数据处理模块,建立仿真地质模型,根据本文所设计的数据处理软件得到深度剖面图,其与仿真模型基本相吻合,从实践上证明数据处理软件的可行性。综上所述,本文对浅层地质勘探技术中数据采集及数据处理进行了研究,针对浅层地质结构的特点采用Radon变换滤除面波,并最终进行采集及处理模块的软件设计及使用仿真数据完成了软件的可行性证明。
[Abstract]:As more and more modern projects such as highway and bridge are put into operation, various diseases in the structure of geological underlayer are also emerging. This not only directly affects the national traffic safety resulting in huge economic losses, but also threatens the lives of the people. Therefore, it is very important to accurately detect the underground structure of important sections. Shallow reflection seismic method is commonly used in shallow geological exploration. In this paper, the shallow geological exploration technology is studied systematically from the two key links of data acquisition and data processing. In the aspect of data acquisition, this paper mainly introduces the design of observation system, the selection of excitation and receiving of seismic wave. Finally, a software of upper computer is designed on the platform of .net. The software realizes the function of collecting and storing raw data, and stores it in the format of .txt. However, the SEG-2 file storage format is often used in seismic exploration industry, so this paper uses IXSeg2Segy software to realize format conversion. In the aspect of data processing, it mainly introduces Radon transform, extraction collection, velocity analysis, common reflection multiple stacking method. Based on the principle of time-depth conversion, the corresponding software is designed on. Net platform, and the Radon transform and time-depth conversion are studied emphatically. The traditional reflection wave method is based on deep reflection wave method, which will not be interfered by strong surface wave. However, the research in this paper is based on shallow layer, so we must pay attention to surface wave interference. In this paper, the Radon transform is used to filter the surface wave, which lays a foundation for the accurate calculation of the layer velocity of the reflected wave. In this paper, the buried depth of stratigraphic interface is obtained according to the time-depth transformation formula, and the geological structure displayed in the time domain is transformed into the depth domain, so that the underground structure can be displayed more intuitively. In this paper, the data acquisition and data processing program are verified by simulation data. For the data acquisition module, the waveform is generated by the signal generator, and the waveform is restored and stored on the upper computer software to prove the feasibility of the software. Aiming at the data processing module, the simulation geological model is established. According to the data processing software designed in this paper, the depth profile is obtained, which basically coincides with the simulation model. The feasibility of the data processing software is proved in practice. To sum up, the data acquisition and data processing in shallow geological exploration technology are studied in this paper. According to the characteristics of shallow geological structure, the surface wave is filtered by Radon transform. Finally, the software design of the acquisition and processing module and the feasibility of the software are proved by using the simulation data.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P631.4

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