WSN定位算法及其滑坡监测应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 07:40

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + 定位算法　；参考：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：滑坡灾害给国家经济建设和人民生命财产安全带来了巨大危害,而滑坡监测预警工作是有效防范滑坡灾害的重要手段,但现有专用监测设备及方法普遍存在着人员工作量大、监测实时性差、仪器价格昂贵、安装调试和维护不便等突出问题,增加了实践环节的难度。作为物联网的支撑技术之一,无线传感器网络能够适应野外复杂监测环境的需要,本文利用布设价格低廉的普通无线传感器节点在可能发生滑坡的区域内组网并结合无线传感器网络定位算法来实现滑坡体的位移监测,主要研究工作如下:①分析了无线传感器网络的基本特点,对比网络节点间的短距离通信机制并结合滑坡监测及定位需求的实际,选取基于Zig Bee技术的无线传感器网络研究定位算法和滑坡监测;②分析比较了现有两大类无线定位算法。无需测距的定位算法对硬件要求较低但是定位精度不高,一般只适于粗粒度定位需求;基于测距的定位算法定位精度相对较高,但其中只有RSSI定位算法对硬件条件的要求较低;③提出一种基于RSSI的质心定位改进算法。结合滑坡监测应用的实际,对由RSSI定位算法和质心定位算法融合而成的算法——基于RSSI的质心定位算法进行了分析,找出了其存在缺陷和原因,通过引入协作定位算法和NLOS误差抑制方法,从提高定位精度和覆盖率两个方面对其进行了改进,并完成了改进算法的滑坡监测应用研究和监测现场的硬件方案设计。④使用MATLAB完成了RSSI定位算法和质心定位算法在相同定位参数下的模拟测试,随后利用修改锚节点数量、改变节点通信半径以及节点呈均匀分布的不同测试环境对基于RSSI的质心定位算法和改进算法进行模拟测试,结果表明改进算法能够显著减少传播环境和硬件因素对定位性能的影响,定位误差较改进前有3%至10%的提升而定位覆盖率最大能提高20%,且使用改进算法的滑坡监测系统还具有系统造价低廉等特点。
[Abstract]:Landslide disaster has brought great harm to national economic construction and people's life and property safety. Landslide monitoring and early warning work is an important means to effectively prevent landslide disaster, but the existing special monitoring equipment and methods generally have a large workload of personnel. The problems of poor real time monitoring, high price of instrument, inconvenient installation, debugging and maintenance increase the difficulty of practice. As one of the supporting technologies of the Internet of things, wireless sensor networks can meet the needs of complex monitoring environment in the field. In this paper, the common wireless sensor nodes with low price are set up in the area where the landslide may occur and the wireless sensor network localization algorithm is used to realize the displacement monitoring of the landslide body. The main research work is as follows: 1. The basic characteristics of wireless sensor network are analyzed, and the short distance communication mechanism between nodes is compared with the reality of landslide monitoring and location. In this paper, two kinds of wireless localization algorithms based on Zig Bee and landslide monitoring are analyzed and compared. The location algorithm which does not need ranging has low hardware requirement but low positioning accuracy, which is generally only suitable for coarse granularity localization, and the location accuracy of ranging based localization algorithm is relatively high, but only RSSI localization algorithm requires lower hardware requirements. 3 an improved centroid location algorithm based on RSSI is proposed. Combined with the application of landslide monitoring, this paper analyzes the centroid location algorithm based on RSSI, which is composed of RSSI location algorithm and centroid location algorithm, and finds out its defects and reasons. By introducing the cooperative localization algorithm and the NLOS error suppression method, this paper improves the localization accuracy and coverage rate. The application research of improved algorithm for landslide monitoring and the hardware design of monitoring site. 4. The simulation test of RSSI location algorithm and centroid positioning algorithm under the same positioning parameters is completed by using MATLAB, and then the number of anchor nodes is modified. The centroid location algorithm based on RSSI and the improved algorithm are simulated and tested by changing the node communication radius and the uniform distribution of nodes in different test environments. The results show that the improved algorithm can significantly reduce the impact of propagation environment and hardware factors on location performance. The positioning error can be increased by 3% to 10%, and the location coverage can be increased by 20%, and the landslide monitoring system using the improved algorithm has the characteristics of low cost and so on.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P642.22;TN929.5;TP212.9

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