新疆伊犁—巩乃斯河谷地表水与地下水转化关系研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 14:31

  本文选题：伊犁—巩乃斯河谷 + 地表水与地下水转化关系　； 参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：新疆伊犁-巩乃斯河谷地处欧亚大陆中部,远离海洋、降水稀少、蒸发强烈,区域地表—地下水资源严重制约着区域生态环境保护和社会经济的可持续发展,是国家实施丝绸之路经济带和西部大开发战略的重大制约因素。由于受区域特殊的地质地貌、气象水文要素时空变异性大和地表—地下水系统关系复杂性等问题限制,目前该区域地表—地下水转化关系的研究相对比较薄弱,制约了人们对当地水资源的合理开发和可持续利用与保护。因此,开展伊犁-巩乃斯河谷地表与地下水转化关系研究,不仅能科学有效地指导水资源的合理分配,更能为我国西北地区能源基地建设提供理论依据。本文在充分分析伊犁-巩乃斯河谷地质、水文地质条件的基础上,选择典型剖面,利用水化学、同位素技术和地下水动力学的理论做指导,结合野外水文地质调查、野外取样、室内检测等试验方法,通过对水化学组分分析、同位素特征分析与剖面数值模拟相结合的方法研究伊犁-巩乃斯河谷地表水和地下水转化关系。主要结论有:(1)河水的矿化度沿程逐渐增加,水化学类型由HCO3?SO4-Ca到HCO3?SO4-Ca?Mg(Ca?Na)型。地下水的矿化度随着地貌单元从山前洪积扇到冲积平原逐渐减小,水化学类型由HCO3?SO4 Ca?Na到HCO3?SO4 Ca?Mg(Ca?Na)型。(2)根据研究区水文地质条件,在获取地下水流场的基础上,通过剖面二维地下水流数值模拟、水化学与同位素分析,从巩乃斯河上游到伊犁河下游,河水与地下水存在相同的转化关系,即都是随着南北方向河流距离的减小,水头逐渐减低,最终排泄到伊犁河。(3)同位素研究表明,大气降水是河水和地下水的重要补给来源,从巩乃斯种羊场到阿热吾斯塘乡,地下水对伊犁河河水的补给呈现递增趋势,在阿热吾斯塘乡达到最大,地下水对河水的比例达到61.8%,而后又转变为递减趋势。(4)通过剖面二维数值模拟可以看出,伊犁河左岸的水力坡度均大于右岸,说明左岸的径流速度比右岸快,左岸的更新速度也比右岸快。山前洪积扇是强径流区,径流速度大于0.4m/d;冲洪积平原是中等径流区,径流速度是0.1~0.4m/d;冲积平原是弱径流区,径流速度小于0.1m/d。(5)剖面I向巩乃斯河中游渗漏补给量为6.99m3/d,剖面Ⅱ向伊犁河上游渗漏补给量为19.15m3/d,剖面Ⅲ向伊犁河中游渗漏补给量为18.8m3/d,剖面Ⅳ向伊犁河下游渗漏补给量为33.49m3/d。
[Abstract]:Located in the middle of Eurasia, Xinjiang Yili Gongnisi Valley is far from the ocean, with rare precipitation and strong evaporation. The regional surface and groundwater resources seriously restrict the regional ecological environment protection and the sustainable development of social economy. Is the national implementation of the Silk Road economic belt and the West Development Strategy of major constraints. Because of the special geology and geomorphology in the region, the large spatiotemporal variability of meteorological and hydrological elements and the complexity of the surface-groundwater system relationship, the research on the surface-groundwater transformation relationship in this area is relatively weak at present. It restricts the rational development and sustainable utilization and protection of local water resources. Therefore, the study on the relationship between surface and groundwater transformation in Yili Gongnays Valley can not only guide the rational allocation of water resources, but also provide a theoretical basis for the construction of energy base in Northwest China. Based on the analysis of the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the Yili Gongnays valley, the typical section is selected, the hydrochemistry, isotope technique and groundwater dynamics theory are used as the guidance, and the field sampling is carried out in combination with the field hydrogeological survey. The transformation relationship between surface water and groundwater in Yili-Gongnays Valley was studied by means of water chemical composition analysis isotopic characteristics analysis and numerical simulation of profile. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the salinity of the river increases gradually, and the hydrochemical types range from HCO3?SO4-Ca to HCO _ 3H _ 3SO _ 4-CaO _ (mg) Ca _ (+) (Na) type. The mineralization degree of groundwater decreases gradually with the geomorphologic unit from the alluvial fan to the alluvial plain, and the hydrochemical type is from HCO3?SO4 Ca?Na to HCO3?SO4 CaMg-MgCa-Na) type. 2) according to the hydrogeological conditions of the study area, the groundwater flow field is obtained. Through the numerical simulation of two-dimensional groundwater flow in the section and the analysis of hydrochemistry and isotope, from the upper part of the Gongnays River to the lower reaches of the Yili River, there is the same transformation relationship between the river and the groundwater, that is, the distance between the river in the north and the south direction decreases. Isotopic studies show that atmospheric precipitation is an important source of water and groundwater recharge, and the groundwater recharge to the Yili River is increasing from the Gongnays Sheep Farm to the Arewustang Township. The ratio of groundwater to river water reaches the maximum in Arewustang, and the ratio of groundwater to river water reaches 61.8, and then it turns into a decreasing trend. (4) the hydraulic slope of the left bank of the Yili River is larger than that of the right bank through the two-dimensional numerical simulation of the profile. It shows that the runoff velocity on the left bank is faster than that on the right bank, and the renewal speed on the left bank is also faster than that on the right bank. The front alluvial fan is a strong runoff area with a runoff velocity greater than 0.4 m / d; the alluvial plain is a medium runoff area with a runoff velocity of 0.1 ~ 0.4 m / d; the alluvial plain is a weak runoff area. The runoff velocity is less than 0.1 m / d.) the leakage recharge from section I to the middle part of Gongnays River is 6.99m3 / d, from section 鈪，

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