张掖盆地地下水循环机制及其开发利用模式研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 23:37

  本文选题：张掖盆地 + 水动力场　； 参考：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：张掖盆地地处我国西北内陆干旱地区,属黑河流域中游盆地,是我国最重要的农业基地之一。盆地常年以干旱缺水为基本特征,地下水作为水资源的重要组成部分,支撑着区内经济的发展与社会的稳定。研究盆地内的地下水循环机制,对指导地下水资源评价及其合理开发利用有重要作用和现实意义。本文依托国家自然科学基金“黑河流域地表水与地下水相互转化的观测与机制研究”和中国地质调查局“黑河流域重点地区水文地质调查”项目,以张掖盆地地下水的循环机制及其开发利用模式研究为主题,基于盆地时空演化与边界特征分析,在对盆地内含水层空间结构以及地下水动力场、地下水化学场和温度场分析研究的基础上,从地下水补给、开采—水位、溢出的激励响应关系入手,定量分析揭示盆地内的地下水循环机制,提出地下水资源开发利用模式。通过上述研究,取得了以下成果:1、在分析盆地的演化与边界特征以及盆地基底高程、第四系厚度、包气带和饱水带厚度变化规律的基础上,构建起盆地内含水层的空间结构,为地下水循环机制研究奠定了基础。盆地地下水循环严格受含水层边界和基底的控制。2、研究了盆地地下水水位的年内和年际的时空变化规律以及地下水水动力场特征,分析了盆地内地下水的水化学与同位素特征以及水化学场和温度场变化规律,基于盆地地下水补给、开采—水位、溢出的激励响应关系的研究,揭示盆地地下水为:主要受控于盆地含水层结构和边界条件,呈现以河水、渠道水、灌溉水入渗—地下水溢出、开采、蒸发为主的“三源三汇”的地下水循环机制。3、基于盆地地下水循环机制及开发利用存在的问题,通过盆地地下水人工回灌增补地下水以及最大限度保障黑河草滩庄之下河道水的入渗补给,严控地下水系统总开采规模,在春灌季节集中开采地下水以替代和缩减平原水库灌溉用水等方面的分析研究。提出盆地地下水应以“增强补给、控制总量、调节开采”来解决'卡脖旱'的地下水开发利用模式。
[Abstract]:Zhangye Basin is one of the most important agricultural bases in China, which is located in the arid area of northwest China and belongs to the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin. The basic characteristics of the basin are drought and water shortage. Groundwater, as an important part of water resources, supports the economic development and social stability in the region. The study of groundwater circulation mechanism in the basin plays an important role and practical significance in guiding the evaluation of groundwater resources and its rational development and utilization. This paper relies on the National Natural Science Foundation of China "observation and Mechanism Research on the Transformation of Surface Water and groundwater in Heihe River Basin" and "Hydrogeology Survey in key areas of Heihe River Basin" by China Geological Survey. Based on the analysis of temporal and spatial evolution and boundary characteristics of the basin, the spatial structure of aquifer and the dynamic field of groundwater in Zhangye Basin are studied. Based on the analysis of chemical field and temperature field of groundwater, starting with the relation of incentive response of groundwater recharge, exploitation-water level and overflow, this paper quantitatively reveals the circulation mechanism of groundwater in the basin, and puts forward the development and utilization model of groundwater resources. Based on the analysis of the evolution and boundary characteristics of the basin and the variation of the basement height, Quaternary thickness, aeration zone and saturated zone thickness, the spatial structure of the aquifer in the basin is constructed. It lays a foundation for the study of groundwater circulation mechanism. The groundwater circulation in the basin is strictly controlled by the aquifer boundary and basement. The temporal and spatial variation of groundwater level and the characteristics of groundwater hydrodynamic field are studied in this paper. The characteristics of hydrochemistry and isotopes of groundwater in the basin and the variation of hydrochemical field and temperature field are analyzed. It is revealed that the groundwater in the basin is mainly controlled by the structure and boundary conditions of the aquifer in the basin. It presents the infiltration of the river water, the canal water, the irrigation water and the groundwater overflow and exploitation. The groundwater circulation mechanism of "three sources and three sinks", which is dominated by evaporation, is based on the circulation mechanism of groundwater and the problems existing in its exploitation and utilization in the basin. Through artificial recharge of groundwater in basin and maximum guarantee of infiltration and recharge of river water under Caotan Zhuang of Heihe River, the total exploitation scale of groundwater system is strictly controlled. In spring irrigation season concentrated exploitation of groundwater to replace and reduce the plain reservoir irrigation water analysis and research. It is suggested that the groundwater exploitation and utilization model should be "enhanced recharge, control of total amount and regulation of exploitation" to solve the problem of "neck dryness".
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.8
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本文编号：1957345