地理国情普查框架下地质灾害点分布研究及危险性评价

发布时间：2018-05-31 16:41

本文选题：地理国情普查 + GIS　；参考：《东华理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会在不断的发展,工业文明给人类带来的不只是便利,还有对自然环境的破坏,伴随着环境的不断恶化,地质灾害发生的次数也在不断增加,影响着人民的生活和社会的发展。江西省是一个地质灾害频发的省份,多年来不断的对地质灾害进行研究,期间也取得了许多成果,但随着时代的发展,对地质灾害的认识也应不断的加深。我国多年以来一直保持着经济快速发展的态势,同时国情信息也在不断的变化,为全面掌握地理国情信息,国家于2012年开始开展地理国情普查工作。本文以鹰潭市地质灾害点为研究对象,基于地理国情普查数据,分析地质灾害点的空间分布特征,并基于分析的数据对地质灾害点危险性进行评价。本文主要完成的工作有(1)结合专业部门数据,通过实地排查和影像解译数据确定鹰潭市地质灾害点的分布情况,制作地质灾害点分布矢量图;(2)基于DEM和普查等数据,提取相应专题要素;(3)基于GIS空间分析理论,将地理国情普查数据与地质灾害点数据结合,详细分析地表覆盖、重要地理国情要素和地质灾害点的空间分布关系;(4)基于鹰潭市各类医院的普查数据,根据不同的救援要求研究最短救援路径;(5)选取对地质灾害爆发影响明显的因素与被地质灾害点危害的社会经济因素作为评价因子,采用层次分析法建立模型并计算各评价因子的权重,最后利用GIS空间分析技术制作研究区域地质灾害危险性评价分级图。本文得出的地质灾害危险性评价结果与地质灾害点密度分布情况相吻合,评价结果基本反映了研究区域地质灾害点的空间分布规律,符合区域评价的精度,也符合实际情况,说明本文采用的评价体系和评价因子是可靠的。另外,本文在研究结果的基础上,也对地质灾害的防灾减灾工作提出一些建议。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of society, industrial civilization has not only brought convenience to human beings, but also destroyed the natural environment. With the continuous deterioration of the environment, the number of geological disasters has also been increasing. It affects the life of the people and the development of society. Jiangxi Province is a province with frequent geological disasters. During the years, many achievements have been made in the study of geological disasters, but with the development of the times, the understanding of geological disasters should be deepened. Our country has been keeping the situation of rapid economic development for many years, at the same time, the information of national conditions is also changing constantly. In order to master the information of geographical conditions, the country began to carry out the general survey of geographical conditions in 2012. In this paper, the geological hazard points in Yingtan City are studied. Based on the general survey data of geographical conditions, the spatial distribution characteristics of geological hazard points are analyzed, and the hazards of geological hazard points are evaluated based on the analyzed data. The main work accomplished in this paper is: (1) based on the data of professional departments, the distribution of geological hazard points in Yingtan city is determined by field investigation and image interpretation data, and the vector map of distribution of geological hazard points is made based on DEM and general survey data. Based on the theory of GIS spatial analysis, combining the data of the survey of geographical national conditions with the data of geological hazard points, the surface cover is analyzed in detail. Based on the survey data of various hospitals in Yingtan City, According to different rescue requirements, the shortest rescue path is studied. (5) the factors that have obvious influence on the geological disaster outbreak and the social and economic factors that are damaged by the geological disaster point are selected as the evaluation factors. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to establish the model and calculate the weight of each evaluation factor. Finally, the classification map of regional geological hazard risk assessment is made by using GIS spatial analysis technology. The results obtained in this paper are consistent with the density distribution of geological hazard points. The evaluation results basically reflect the spatial distribution law of regional geological hazard points, and accord with the accuracy of regional evaluation and the actual situation. It shows that the evaluation system and evaluation factors used in this paper are reliable. In addition, on the basis of the research results, this paper also puts forward some suggestions for the prevention and mitigation of geological disasters.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P694

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