河北省典型区地下水硬度空间分布特征及其成因分析

发布时间：2018-06-02 11:14

本文选题：地下水硬度 + 水文地球化学作用　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水的硬度反映了水中多价金属离子含量的总和,地下水硬度过高对人体的健康、生活和工农业的发展产生很多不利影响。本文对硬度调研区域(11个省市)的1000个样本点进行了合理的分配,以石家庄滹沱河典型地区为对象,研究了其硬度分布特征,并且运用离子比例系数法、水化学图解法、饱和指数法和多元统计分析法研究了高硬度的成因,得出主要结论如下:变异系数付权重法考虑了各个省市的人口密度、地下水利用程度的不同,得出的样本点分配方案比较符合各省的实际情况。石家庄滹沱河浅层地下水沿着水流方向其水化学类型的变化趋势为HCO_3-Ca-Mg→HCO_3-SO_4-Ca-Mg→HCO_3-Cl-SO_4-Ca-Na-Mg,地下水硬度由I、II、III类到IV类再到V类,其SO_4~(2-)和Cl~-的毫克当量浓度百分比增大。研究区地下水总硬度超标严重,超标率为85.2%,地下水总硬度与pH和井深在0.01水平上呈显著性负相关,与TDS和NO_3~-在0.01水平上呈显著性正相关。导致地下水硬度升高的原因主要有水岩作用、阳离子交换反应和人类活动的影响。地下水中存在方解石、白云岩、含镁的硅酸盐的全等溶解以及白云岩的不全等溶解和脱白云作用,这些矿物的溶解与沉淀作用都会影响地下水中钙镁的含量。生活污水中的有机物在微生物作用下会产生CO_2,地下水中CO_2分压升高导致的矿物酸性溶滤作用增强主要影响的是暂时硬度的升高,而阳离子交换反应则主要使永久硬度升高。此外,人类过量开采地下水导致的水位下降也会使地下水硬度增大。聚类分析将地下水分成了I、II、III三种类型,由I类到III类水,SO_4~(2-)和Cl~-以及Na+K毫克当量百分数在逐渐增大,受人类活动的影响显著。因子分析表明,影响地下水化学组分尤其是总硬度的三个主要因素是:(1)由工业和生活污染引起的钙镁碳酸盐及硅酸盐的溶滤作用和阳离子交换反应;(2)农业上的污染和(3)地下水的氧化还原环境,其贡献率分别为56.3%、17.4%和12.5%。
[Abstract]:The hardness of water reflects the sum of polyvalent metal ions in water. The high hardness of groundwater has a lot of adverse effects on human health, life and the development of industry and agriculture. In this paper, 1000 sample points in the hardness investigation area (11 provinces and cities) have been reasonably allocated. The distribution characteristics of hardness in the typical area of Shijiazhuang Hutuo River have been studied, and the ion ratio coefficient method and the hydrochemical graphic method have been used. Saturation index method and multivariate statistical analysis method are used to study the causes of high hardness. The main conclusions are as follows: the population density of each province and city is taken into account by the method of coefficient of variation and the degree of groundwater utilization is different. The sample point distribution scheme obtained is more in line with the actual situation of each province. The variation trend of the hydrochemical types of shallow groundwater in Shijiazhuang Hutuo River is HCO_3-Ca-Mg HCO_3-SO_4-Ca-Mg HCO3-Cl-SO4-Ca-Na-Mg.The hardness of groundwater increases from class III to class IV to class V, and the percentage of equivalent concentrations of so _ 4 and Cl- increases. In the study area, the total hardness of groundwater exceeded the standard seriously, the surpassing rate was 85.2. The total hardness of groundwater was negatively correlated with pH and well depth at 0.01 level, and positively correlated with TDS and NO3- at 0.01 level. The main reasons for the increase of groundwater hardness are water rock interaction, cation exchange reaction and human activities. There are calcite, dolomite, magnesium-bearing silicate dissolution in groundwater, and incomplete dissolution and dedolomitization of dolomite. The dissolution and precipitation of these minerals will affect the content of calcium and magnesium in groundwater. The organic matter in domestic sewage can produce CO _ 2 under the action of microorganism. The increase of CO_2 partial pressure in groundwater mainly affects the increase of temporary hardness, while the cationic exchange reaction mainly increases the permanent hardness. In addition, the reduction of water level caused by human overexploitation also increases the hardness of groundwater. Cluster analysis divides the groundwater into three types, I. e. II. III, from class I to class III. The percentage of CLC- and Nak mg equivalent increases gradually, and is significantly affected by human activities. Factor analysis shows that The three main factors affecting the chemical composition of groundwater, especially the total hardness, are: 1) dissolved filtration of calcium, magnesium carbonate and silicate and cation exchange reaction caused by industrial and domestic pollution, 2) agricultural pollution and 3) redox environment of groundwater. Its contribution rate was 56.3% and 12.5%, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.6

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