岩溶山地系统环境脆弱性评价模型应用对比分析研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 21:15

本文选题：岩溶山地系统 + 环境脆弱性　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境是人类生存和发展不可或缺的外部条件,然而人类一贯的掠夺和破坏,导致了自身周围的环境条件正面临前所未有的挑战,这种挑战在发展中国家表现的尤为突出。上世纪50、60年代人类逐渐的意识到了保护环境与经济发展同等重要,并且有些时候前者比后者处于更加重要的地位。对于环境脆弱性的研究也由此时开始,此后关于环境脆弱性评价的研究也逐渐的展开并深入。滇东南岩溶山地系统是我国较典型的生态环境脆弱区之一,该区域石漠化问题严重、自然植被覆被减少、水土流失严重、土地质量贫瘠以及人民生活窘迫等众多问题突出。近些年关于岩溶山地系统环境脆弱性评价的模型及方法层出不穷,没有对评价模型及方法作实例对比研究。本文以滇东南中部砚山县为研究区,在众多评价模型及方法中对比选取三种模型,对该研究区做环境脆弱性评价,希望通过模型的应用,一是可以获取研究区的脆弱岩溶山地环境的现状,二是借助评价的环境脆弱性结果对评价模型作对比分析。主要研究内容和结果如下：(1)详细的阐述研究背景和选题依据、国内外研究现状、研究内容和研究的理论基础及技术方法,为论文核心内容的写作做好理论部分的铺垫工作。(2)首先,在介绍滇东南岩溶环境大背景的情况下,选取较典型的砚山县作为论文的研究区,并介绍了研究区的自然、社会和经济状况。其次,在全面的分析造成岩溶山地系统环境脆弱性驱动机制后,分别从自然和人为因素两大驱动机制中选取14个具有代表性的指标来构建岩溶山地系统环境脆弱性评价的指标体系,然后选用层次分析法确定这14个指标因子的权重值。(3)以行政村作为脆弱性评价单元,通过RS、GIS以及数据统计技术,获取各个评价指标的数据,并构建脆弱性评价数据库。运用综合加权模型、指标指数模型和主成分分析模型分别对研究区进行环境脆弱性评价,并对每种评价结果进行表达、解释和说明。三种结果都表明,研究区东部区域的脆弱环境状况较好,中部和偏北部区域的脆弱环境状况较差。(4)对综合加权模型、指标指数模型和主成分分析模型得到的三种评价结果之间作详细的对比分析。结果表明,综合加权模型与指标指数模型环境脆弱性结果较相似；主成分分析模型与其它两种模型相比,环境脆弱性等级整体偏低。进一步对综合加权模型、指标指数模型和主成分分析模型进行两两对比,详细的阐述清楚模型之间的相似点和差异点以及各自的特性,为以后岩溶山地区域环境脆弱性评价模型的选取提供理论参考。
[Abstract]:The environment is an indispensable external condition for human survival and development. However, the environmental conditions around them are facing unprecedented challenges, especially in the developing countries. In the 1950s and 1960s, people gradually realized that protecting the environment was as important as economic development, and sometimes the former was more important than the latter. The research on environmental vulnerability also began, and then the research on environmental vulnerability assessment began and deepened gradually. Karst mountainous system in southeastern Yunnan is one of the most typical fragile ecological areas in China. The problems of rocky desertification are serious, natural vegetation cover is reduced, soil erosion is serious, land quality is poor and people are living in distress. In recent years, the models and methods of environmental vulnerability assessment of karst mountain systems have emerged in endlessly, and there is no case study on the evaluation models and methods. This paper takes Yanshan County in the middle of southeastern Yunnan as the research area, compares and selects three kinds of models among many evaluation models and methods, and makes an environmental vulnerability assessment of this research area, hoping to apply the model. One is to obtain the present situation of fragile karst mountain environment in the study area, the other is to make a comparative analysis of the evaluation model with the result of environmental vulnerability evaluation. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) elaborate the research background and the basis for selecting the topic, the current research situation at home and abroad, the research contents, the theoretical basis and the technical methods of the research. First of all, after introducing the background of karst environment in southeastern Yunnan, a typical Yanshan county is selected as the research area of the paper, and the nature of the research area is introduced. Social and economic situation Secondly, after a comprehensive analysis of the driving mechanism of environmental vulnerability in karst mountain systems, From the two driving mechanisms of natural and human factors, 14 representative indicators were selected to construct the evaluation index system of environmental vulnerability of karst mountain system. Then the weighted value of these 14 index factors is determined by AHP. 3) the administrative village is used as the vulnerability evaluation unit, the data of each evaluation index is obtained by RSGIs and data statistics technology, and the vulnerability evaluation database is constructed. The comprehensive weighted model, index model and principal component analysis model were used to evaluate the environmental vulnerability of the study area, and the results of each evaluation were expressed, explained and explained. The three results show that the fragile environment in the eastern region of the study area is good, and the fragile environment condition in the central and northward regions is poor. The three evaluation results obtained by index model and principal component analysis model are compared and analyzed in detail. The results show that the comprehensive weighted model is similar to the index model, and the principal component analysis model is lower than the other two models. Further comparing the synthetic weighted model, the index model and the principal component analysis model, the similarities and differences between the models and their respective characteristics are explained in detail. It provides a theoretical reference for the selection of environmental vulnerability assessment model in karst mountainous region.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P642.25;X821

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