中国沉积盆地深层构造地质学的研究进展与展望

发布时间：2018-06-03 15:57

本文选题：深层 + 构造地质学　；参考：《地学前缘》2017年03期

【摘要】：研究盆地深层的构造地质学,是应用现代的地球系统科学理论和地球物理学、地球化学与地质学的方法综合研究盆地深部的物质组成、地质结构及其形成演化过程,探讨资源、能源矿产分布的构造控制规律。中国的沉积盆地多为叠合盆地,叠合盆地深层的原型及其构造-古地理演化、建造与改造的动力学过程、构造演化对油气成藏条件的控制作用是我国石油构造学家研究的核心内容。经过半个多世纪的艰苦努力,我国学者在这一领域取得重要进展,建立了前陆型、坳陷型、断陷型、走滑型等叠合盆地的4种基本类型,深入研究了它们的地质结构,开展了其原型盆地恢复与构造-古地理重建,探讨了盆-山耦合关系及其对盆地深层结构的控制作用。通过对盆地深层进行多期叠加构造解析开展三维构造建模,研究了盆地深层温度场、压力场、应力场及其耦合特点。在研究思路、研究方法与技术手段上都取得重要突破,深层构造地质学逐渐完善。回顾历史,对比中外,我国盆地深层的构造学研究在基础理论与实际需求方面仍有较大差距,需要在盆地发育的构造环境、深部背景、形成演化过程以及地质结构方面进行深入探索,在活动论构造-古地理、三维构造复原、岩石流变分析与四维动态模拟方面取得实质性突破。通过大力培养创新人才、选准研究突破方向、提升技术储备与开展扎实基础工作,可望取得深层构造地质学的战略突破。
[Abstract]:The study of the tectonic geology of the deep layer of the basin is a comprehensive study of the material composition, geological structure and formation and evolution process of the deep part of the basin using modern earth system scientific theory and geophysics, geochemistry and geology, and discusses the resources. Tectonic control law of energy mineral distribution. The sedimentary basins in China are mostly superimposed basins. The prototype of the deep layer of the superimposed basin and its tectonic-paleogeographic evolution, construction and transformation are dynamic processes. The controlling effect of tectonic evolution on oil and gas accumulation conditions is the core of petroleum tectonists in China. After more than half a century of hard work, Chinese scholars have made important progress in this field, established four basic types of superimposed basins, such as Foreland type, depression type, fault type and strike-slip type, and studied their geological structure in depth. The prototype basin restoration and tectonic-paleogeographic reconstruction are carried out, and the basin-mountain coupling relationship and its controlling effect on the deep structure of the basin are discussed. By analyzing the multi-stage superimposed structure of the deep layer of the basin, the 3-D structural modeling is carried out, and the characteristics of temperature field, pressure field, stress field and their coupling in the deep layer of the basin are studied. Important breakthroughs have been made in research ideas, research methods and technical means, and deep tectonic geology has been gradually improved. Looking back on the history and comparing with other countries, there is still a big gap between the basic theory and the actual demand in the study of the deep tectonics of the basin in China, which needs to be found in the tectonic environment and the deep background of the basin. The formation and evolution process as well as geological structure have been deeply explored and a substantial breakthrough has been made in the active tectonic-paleogeography, three-dimensional structural restoration, rock rheological analysis and four-dimensional dynamic simulation. It is expected that the strategic breakthrough in deep tectonics can be achieved by vigorously cultivating innovative talents, selecting the research breakthrough direction, improving the technical reserve and carrying out solid basic work.
【作者单位】：中国地质大学(北京)能源学院;中国石油勘探开发研究院;中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41430316,40739906)、面上项目(41272237)
【分类号】：P548

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