随钻双感应测井响应特性研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 01:30

本文选题：随钻双感应测井 + 随钻电阻率　；参考：《西安石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：地层电阻率是分析地层岩性和评价油气的重要参数。随着油气勘探的不断发展与深入,大斜度井和水平井钻井的增多,现行的电缆测井技术变得困难重重。测量实时性好、精度高、信息更加可靠的随钻测井技术成为当前测井发展的趋势。随钻双感应测井仪器是一种新型的随钻感应电阻率测井仪器,和随钻测量以及随钻自然伽马测井结合使用,可以满足定向轨迹测量和地质导向要求,有效的控制井眼轨迹。本文详细研究了随钻双感应测井的基本理论、均匀地层中背景影响、非均匀地层中环境影响、随钻双感应测井信号处理以及半空间响应特性。研究成果对随钻双感应测井仪器的设计、刻度、数据处理和测井解释奠定理论基础。主要研究内容有以下四部分:第一部分研究了均匀地层中随钻双感应测井仪器的背景影响。阐述随钻双感应测井仪器的线圈系结构和测量原理,然后应用COMSOL有限元软件建立随钻双感应测井响应的数学和物理模型,计算分析背景参数(金属钻铤、反射层和磁芯)在不同地层电导率下对随钻双感应测井响应特性的影响,揭示其响应机理。当钻铤电导率大于107S/m时,钻铤对深感应响应的影响很小,对浅感应的影响不能忽略。钻铤长度变化对仪器的响应影响可以忽略。视电导率与钻铤半径近似线性关系。在地层电导率小于1S/m时,钻铤对深、浅感应的响应影响不大。反射层改变了钻铤对基值的非线性影响,随地层电导率增加,深感应的基值影响非线性减小,浅感应的非线性增加。深、浅感应的响应随着磁芯相对磁导率的增加非线性增加,相对磁导率在100至200之间时,对信号增强最明显。深、浅感应在磁芯实心与磁芯空心作用下的响应的比值约为固定值1.2。第二部分研究了非均匀地层中随钻双感应的环境影响。环境影响包括井眼影响、围岩和侵入影响。井眼影响计算分析地层电导率、泥浆电导率和井径变化对响应特性的影响。结果表明,深、浅感应受地层电导率的影响较大。泥浆电导率的影响只在地层电导率较小时比较明显。井径变化只有在泥浆电导率小于1S/m时影响较小。深、浅感应的测量信号随着围岩电导率的增大而非线性增大,随侵入半径的增加而增加。只有围岩电导率和目的层电导率对比度大,并且距离目的层较近时随钻双感应测井测量信号的影响比较明显;目的层厚度越大,绝对误差越小,围岩影响越小。第三部分研究了深、浅感应信号处理方法。计算基于几何因子理论的深浅感应纵向响应函数,分析趋肤效应、围岩效应影响和分辨率特性,设计非线性信号处理滤波器,实现深、浅感应分辨率匹配。处理结果表明:一维地层模拟中,深、浅感应曲线的分辨率得到明显改善,基本可以重合。二维地层模拟中,受围岩影响,深、浅感应分层能力下降,读数会偏离真值。实际测量数据处理中,围岩效应得到明显消除,深感应分辨率提高,深、浅感应分辨率一致。第四部分研究了随钻双感应测井仪器半空间响应。计算分析仪器槽开口方向、仪器高度和大地电导率变化对随钻双感应测井仪器半空间响应的影响规律。结果表明:不同仪器槽开口方向的半空间响应随着大地电导率的增加非线性增加。仪器槽开口方向向下的半空间响应影响最大,仪器槽开口方向向上的影响最小。深感应的半空间响应在仪器高度为0.4m附近达到最大,峰值位置不随大地电导率变化而变化。
[Abstract]:Formation resistivity is an important parameter for analysis of stratigraphic lithology and evaluation of oil and gas. With the continuous development and deepening of oil and gas exploration and the increase of well drilling in high slope and horizontal wells, the current cable logging technology has become difficult. The current logging technology has become the trend of logging development with good real-time measurement, high accuracy and more reliable information. The dual induction logging tool with drilled is a new type of drilling induction resistivity logging tool, which is used in combination with drilling measurement and drilling natural gamma logging. It can meet the requirements of directional trajectory measurement and geological guidance and effectively control the trajectory of well. This paper has studied the basic theory of double induction logging with drilling in detail, and the background shadow in uniform formation. There are four parts in the research on the design, calibration, data processing and log interpretation of the dual induction logging tool with drilling. The main research contents are as follows: the first part studies the dual induction logging tool in homogeneous formation. The structure of the coil system and the measuring principle of the dual induction logging tool are described. Then the mathematical and physical models of the dual induction logging response of drilled are established by using the COMSOL finite element software, and the response characteristics of the background parameters (metal drill collar, reflection layer and core) to the dual induction logging in different formation conductivities are calculated. When the electrical conductivity of the drill collar is greater than 107S/m, the drill collar has little influence on the deep induction response, and the influence on the shallow induction can not be ignored. The influence of the drill collar length on the response of the instrument can be ignored. The apparent conductivity is approximately linear with the drill collar radius. The drill collar is deep and shallow when the ground conductivity is less than 1S/m. The response has little influence. The reflection layer changes the nonlinear influence of the drill collar on the base value, increases the conductivity of the ground layer, the influence of the base value of the deep induction to the nonlinear decrease, the nonlinear increase of the shallow induction. The response of the deep, shallow induction increases nonlinear with the increase of the relative permeability of the magnetic core, and is most obvious to the signal enhancement when the relative permeability is between 100 and 200. The ratio of the response of deep, shallow induction to core solid and core hollow is about the fixed value of 1.2. second to study the environmental impact of dual induction in non-uniform strata. Environmental effects include borehole effects, surrounding rock and intrusion effects. Borehole influence calculation and analysis of formation conductivity, mud conductivity and well diameter changes to response characteristics The results show that the depth and shallow sense should be influenced greatly by the conductivity of the formation. The influence of the conductivity of the mud is only more obvious in the lower formation conductivity. The change of the diameter of the well is only smaller when the conductivity of the mud is less than 1S/m. The measurement signal of deep and shallow induction increases with the increase of the conductivity of the surrounding rock, and increases with the increase of the conductivity of the surrounding rock, and increases with the increase of the invasion radius. It is added. Only the contrast between the conductivity of the surrounding rock and the conductivity of the target layer is large, and the influence of the double induction logging signal is more obvious when the distance to the target layer. The greater the thickness of the target layer is, the smaller the absolute error is, the smaller the influence of the surrounding rock. The third part studies the method of signal processing based on the geometric factor theory based on the geometric factor theory. Depth induced longitudinal response function, analysis of skin effect, influence of surrounding rock effect and resolution characteristics, design nonlinear signal processing filter to achieve deep and shallow induction matching. The results show that in one dimensional formation simulation, the resolution of deep and shallow induction curves is obviously improved and can be basically reconnected. In the actual measurement data processing, the effect of the surrounding rock is obviously eliminated, the deep induction resolution is improved, the depth and the shallow induction resolution are consistent. The fourth part studies the half space response of the dual induction logging tool with the drilling, the calculation and analysis of the channel opening direction, the height of the instrument and the geoelectricity. The effect of the change of conductivity on the half space response of the dual induction logging tool with drilled. The results show that the half space response of the opening direction of the instrument slot increases nonlinear with the increase of the earth conductivity. The half space response to the downward direction of the instrument slot is the most, the influence of the opening direction of the instrument slot is the smallest. The half space of the deep induction is half space. The response reaches the maximum near the height of the instrument, and the peak position does not vary with the earth electrical conductivity. 0.4m
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.81

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