船舶大型化对我国进口铁矿石运输影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 22:15

本文选题：船舶 + 铁矿石　；参考：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几十年来,钢铁产业已成长为我国经济的支柱产业。铁矿石作为钢铁产业的主要原料,保障其充分供给,直接关系到钢铁产业的发展。目前,我国国内的铁矿石无论是在品位还是在开采量上,都难以满足需要,不得不从国外大量进口。在巴西、澳大利亚、印度及南非等几个铁矿石进口国之中,虽然巴西铁矿石质量最优,但因运距过长,运输成本增加,所以受到很大限制。为克服这些不利因素,巴西谈水河谷在2011年研发了40万吨超大型矿石运输船,并于2014年与中远集团签署铁矿石船运战略合作框架协议,标志着新的超大型矿石船即将全面进入航运市场,对世界尤其是我国的铁矿石运输网络将会带来巨大影响。综合考虑我国对铁矿石需求、船舶运行成本以及港口条件等因素,根据具体情况调整我国进口铁矿石的运输方式,无疑具有重要的现实意义。本文在矿石船舶大型化以及40万吨矿石船即将驶入我国港口的背景下,从国际铁矿石贸易、铁矿石进出口国情况,我国铁矿石贸易现状及趋势,贸易和主要航线情况等各方面综合研究我国进口铁矿石的运输格局。通过分析铁矿石运输市场的供需关系,从运力市场、各船型的运力情况以及铁矿石运输船型发展趋势三个方面分析我国进口铁矿石运输船队的运力变化,并着重对我国进口铁矿石的主要船型进行经济效益分析。分析表明,巴西进口至我国铁矿石的份额平均以每年0.41%的速度在减少,2015年降至21.30%。但如果40万吨船舶投入运营,巴西进口矿的份额将会止跌上扬。本文结合我国港口的设施能力及钢厂分布,建立了基于40万吨矿石船的中转及减载运输模型,对我国进口铁矿石的运输模式及路径进行了优化。研究表明,随着40万吨船舶投入运营,出于对降低成本的需求,我国巴西进口矿的比例以及运输模式将会发生改变,能够接卸大型矿石船的港口会获得更多的货源。通过计算分析还发现：尽管中转和减载将会成为新的铁矿石运输模式,但多次装卸造成的额外成本,将导致大型矿石船的规模经济不能得到有效的体现,因此,最终直接受益的主要是拥有同等级卸船泊位的港口以及附近的钢厂。本文的研究结果可为政府部门、钢铁行业以及港口在制定应对政策、发展战略和优化运输组织等提供参考。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, the iron and steel industry has grown into a pillar industry in China's economy. As the main raw material of the iron and steel industry, iron ore has a direct bearing on the development of the iron and steel industry. At present, iron ore in China is difficult to meet the needs of domestic iron ore, either in grade or in the amount of mining, and has to be imported from abroad. Brazil, Australia, India and South Africa are among the most important iron ore importers, although Brazil's iron ore is of the best quality, but it is greatly restricted because of the long distance and increase in transportation costs. In order to overcome these disadvantages, Brazil talked about the development of 400 thousand tons of super large ore transport ship in 2011, and signed with COSCO in 2014. The strategic cooperation framework agreement between iron ore and stone ship signifies that the new super large ore ships are going to enter the shipping market in an all-round way, and will bring great influence on the world, especially our country's iron ore transportation network. There is no doubt that the mode of transportation of ore is of great practical significance. In this paper, the import and export of ore ships and 400 thousand tons of ore ships are coming into China's port, from the international iron ore trade, the state of the import and export of iron ore, the current situation and trend of China's iron ore trade, the trade and the main routes and other aspects of our country's import. By analyzing the supply and demand relationship of iron ore transportation market, this paper analyzes the transport capacity changes of China's imported iron ore transport fleet from three aspects of the transport market, the transport capacity of each type of ship and the development trend of the iron ore transport ship, and emphasizes the analysis of the economic benefits of the main types of imported iron ore in China. It shows that the share of Brazil's iron ore imports to China is decreasing at an average rate of 0.41% per year, to 21.30%. in 2015, but if 400 thousand tons of ships are put into operation, the share of Brazil's imports will fall up. This article, based on the facilities capacity of the port and the distribution of the steel plant, establishes a transfer and load reduction model based on 400 thousand tons of ore vessels. The transport mode and path of the imported iron ore in China are optimized. The study shows that, with the 400 thousand ton ship put into operation, the proportion of the imported ore in Brazil and the transportation mode will change in order to reduce the cost, and the port will be able to get more sources. Although transfer and load reduction will become a new type of iron ore transport model, the additional cost caused by multiple loading and unloading will result in the scale economy of large ore vessels which can not be effectively reflected. Therefore, the main benefit is the port with the same level of ship unloading berth and the nearby steel plant. The results of this paper can be the government. Departments, steel industry and ports provide reference for formulating policies, developing strategies and optimizing transport organization.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F426.1;F752.61

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