基于GIS的云南省巧家县地质灾害风险评价

发布时间：2018-06-10 12:13

本文选题：地质灾害 + GIS　；参考：《成都理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2014年8月3日云南省昭通市鲁甸县发生6.5级地震,本文研究的巧家县与鲁甸县相邻,是此次地震中受灾较为严重的地区之一,受灾群众41.31万人,死亡78人,累计经济损失57.47亿元,同时造成了巧家县由震前三百多处灾害点增加到震后五百多处灾害点。对巧家县地质灾害风险评级符合巧家县地质灾害防治的需要,对于减少该县地质灾害造成的人员伤亡和财产损失具有十分重要的现实意义。本文以巧家县533处地质灾害作为研究对象,通过野外实地调查和资料收集获得了研究区地质灾害、地质环境和地理要素等基本情况,分析了地质灾害的分布特征和影响因素,运用GIS技术,采用信息量法、层次分析法、模糊综合评价法完成了巧家县地质灾害风险评价,根据风险评价结果提出地质灾害防治措施。论文的主要工作如下:(1)以巧家县地理、地质环境条件为背景,利用GIS软件空间分析功能,分析了研究区地质灾害分布特征及影响因素。(2)本文选取高程、坡度、断层、工程地质岩组、水系、降雨、地震7个指标建立地质灾害危险性评价体系。采用信息量法确定评价因子内部各分级的信息量值,层次分析法确定各评价因子权重,利用GIS软件栅格计算功能,将研究区划分为地质灾害危险性高、中、低三个区。(3)本文选取人口密度、耕地密度、道路密度、GDP密度4个指标建立地质灾害易损性评价体系。以乡镇为评价单元,采用模糊综合评价法,将研究区各乡镇地质灾害易损性划分为高、中、低三个区。(4)结合巧家县地质灾害危险性、易损性评价结果,采用风险性(R)=危险性(H)×易损性(V)理论模型,利用GIS软件栅格计算功能,将研究区划分为地质灾害风险性高、中、低三个区。(5)根据巧家县风险评价结果,针对重点、次重点、一般防治区提出具体的近期和中远期地质灾害防治措施。
[Abstract]:A magnitude 6.5 earthquake occurred in Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province on August 3, 2014. Qiaojia County, which is adjacent to Ludian County in this paper, is one of the more severely affected areas in this earthquake. 413100 people were affected and 78 people were killed. The cumulative economic loss of 5.747 billion yuan has also increased from more than 300 disaster points before the earthquake to more than 500 disaster points after the earthquake. The risk rating of geological hazard in Qiaojia county is in line with the need of geological disaster prevention and control in Qiaojia county. It is of great practical significance to reduce the casualties and property losses caused by geological disasters in Qiaojia county. This paper takes 533 geological hazards in Qiaojia County as the research object, obtains the basic conditions of geological hazards, geological environment and geographical elements in the study area through field investigation and data collection, and analyzes the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of geological disasters. The geological hazard risk assessment of Qiaojia county is completed by using GIS technology, information quantity method, analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. According to the result of risk evaluation, the measures of geological hazard prevention and control are put forward. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) based on the geographical and geological environment conditions of Qiaojia County, and using the spatial analysis function of GIS software, the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of geological hazards in the study area are analyzed.) in this paper, height, slope, fault are selected. The risk assessment system of geological hazards is established according to seven indexes of engineering geological rock formation, water system, rainfall and earthquake. Using the information quantity method to determine the information value of each grade inside the evaluation factor, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weight of each evaluation factor, and the GIS software grid computing function is used to divide the study area into high geological hazard risk. In this paper, four indexes, population density, cultivated land density, road density and GDP density, are selected to establish a vulnerability evaluation system for geological hazards. Taking villages and towns as evaluation units and adopting fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the vulnerability of each township geological hazard in the study area is divided into three areas: high, middle and low) combined with the evaluation results of geological hazard risk and vulnerability in Qiaojia County. Based on the theoretical model of risk / vulnerability / V) and GIS software grid computing function, the study area is divided into three areas with high, middle and low geological hazard risk.) according to the risk evaluation results of Qiaojia County, the key points and the second key points are discussed. Specific short-and medium-long-term geological hazard prevention and control measures are put forward in the general prevention area.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P694

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