基于岩石物理和波场正演的非一致性时移地震差异研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 04:18

本文选题：岩石物理 + 反演　；参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着勘探开发程度的加深,油气田的开采难度逐渐加大,采收率的提高越来越困难。而在现有成熟探区中基本已进行过两次以上的地震采集,充分利用这些已有的地震资料,研究油藏地球物理性质的动态变化,为后期的实际生产服务,将具有很高经济价值和社会价值。时移地震技术就是应用两次采集资料来监测油田生产过程中的油藏变化,达到确定剩余油分布的目的。时移地震目前正在成为油藏地球物理技术中不可或缺的一部分。它要求多次采集的资料在采集参数上必须完全一致,资料差异仅仅是与油藏变化有关。但是,现有的多次采集的地震资料,由于在采集时的目的不同,采集参数相差很大,CMP点有很大偏差,覆盖次数也相差很大,不能满足时移地震的要求。为此,需要首先确定什么样的非重复时移地震资料可以应用,进而研究在现有采集条件下如何“消除”多期采集资料观测系统差异的影响,实现观测数据的一致性优化处理,突出油藏差异。为使时移地震技术能够很好地在油气田的监测开发中实施应用,本文基于岩石物理理论,结合实际测井资料,通过非线性反演算法提取储层岩石基质的模量值,然后利用提取的储层基质参数计算储层速度与密度等。基于获得的储层参数,分别用Zoeppritz方程以及波动方程数值模拟算法获取不同地层条件下地震波的反射特征,以此明确不同储层条件下地震响应的变化规律,并通过对比分析,获取二者之间的校正因子,进而建立适用于研究区的岩石物理量版。然后,建立典型三维模型,采用不同的观测系统参数进行波动方程数值模拟,通过对一系列定量的模拟进行研究,对影响非重复时移地震的关键参数进行定量分析,并发展有效的处理技术、进行非重复采集条件下波场的匹配以及时移差异的检测,这对充分利用现有的多次采集资料,提高油气预测精度、探明剩余油分布,是十分必要的。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of exploration and development, the exploitation of oil and gas fields is becoming more and more difficult, and the improvement of oil recovery is becoming more and more difficult. In the existing mature exploration area, more than two seismic acquisition has been basically carried out, and the existing seismic data are fully utilized to study the dynamic changes of the geophysical properties of the reservoir, so as to serve the actual production in the later stage. Will have very high economic value and social value. The time-lapse seismic technique is to use twice acquisition data to monitor reservoir changes during oil production and to determine the distribution of remaining oil. Time-lapse earthquakes are becoming an indispensable part of reservoir geophysical technology. It requires that the data collected for many times must be identical in the acquisition parameters, and the difference of the data is only related to the reservoir changes. However, for the existing seismic data collected many times, because of the different purpose in acquisition, the acquisition parameters differ greatly and the coverage times are also very different, which can not meet the requirements of time-lapse earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to first determine what kind of non-repetitive time-lapse seismic data can be applied, and then study how to "eliminate" the influence of the difference of observation system in multi-period data acquisition under the existing acquisition conditions, and realize the consistency optimization processing of observation data. Outstanding reservoir difference. In order to make the time-lapse seismic technique be well applied in the monitoring and development of oil and gas fields, based on the theory of rock physics and the actual logging data, the modulus of reservoir rock matrix is extracted by nonlinear inversion algorithm in this paper. Then the reservoir velocity and density are calculated by using the extracted reservoir matrix parameters. Based on the obtained reservoir parameters, Zoeppritz equation and wave equation numerical simulation algorithm are used to obtain the reflection characteristics of seismic waves under different formation conditions. The correction factor between them is obtained, and then a lithophysical version suitable for the study area is established. Then, a typical three-dimensional model is established, and the wave equation is numerically simulated by using different parameters of the observation system. Through a series of quantitative simulation, the key parameters that affect the non-repeated time-lapse earthquake are quantitatively analyzed. It is necessary to develop effective processing technology to match the wave field under the condition of non-repeated acquisition in order to detect the difference of shift in time, which is necessary to make full use of the existing multiple acquisition data, to improve the prediction accuracy of oil and gas, and to verify the distribution of remaining oil.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4

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