阿满地区志留系柯上段低幅度构造处理与解释研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 00:08

本文选题：阿满地区 + 线性干扰　；参考：《成都理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文研究过程中,首先在全区开展了连片地震资料处理,采用统一连片静校正量,优化叠前去噪、保幅处理、子波一致性处理等技术措施,提高了目的层资料的信噪比。同时,进行精细速度分析,改善偏移成像质量,使最终成果信噪比得到了大幅度提高,断点归位准确,断裂清晰。在此基础上,充分利用已有的研究成果,对新处理的地震资料,采用地震地质综合标定技术、精细速度建场技术、模型正演技术、地震反演技术等方法,精细解释志留系柯坪塔格组顶面及断裂,准确刻画了各条断裂特征及断层展布情况,同时开展精细速度建场,落实了构造形态,优选了有利圈闭目标。本文取得了以下几点认识:(1)在地震资料处理过程中采用针对性较强的技术手段,获取较高品质的资料。第一,通过连片静校正方法解决基准面静校正问题,同时把不同时期的微测井信息综合利用起来,舍去畸变点,综合全局约束连片静校正量的求取,提高静校正量的精度,消除了不同年度采集资料的闭合差问题,通过剩余静校正技术消除残留的剩余时差,改善资料的成像质量,取得了较好的效果;第二,采用多种方法联合去噪,针对不同的噪声类型,分阶段、分步骤地使用不同的去噪方法,在炮域、共检波点域和共中心点域联合去噪,逐级压制噪音,提高资料的信噪比;第三,优化道集,精细速度分析和切除,提高了叠加、偏移成像精度;第四,采用弯曲射线叠前时间偏移技术,对偏移参数进行扫描优选和多次迭代调整叠前时间偏移速度,最终剖面绕射波收敛,反射波归位合理,提高了资料的成像精度。(2)重新处理后的地震资料信噪比得到了明显提高,同相轴连续,保幅性好,频带得到拓宽,全区资料具有较为一致的振幅-频率特征,对石炭系走滑断层的归位合理,各个断层断点归位准确、清晰;对古生界奥陶系灰岩顶面的的逆冲断层和走滑断层的归位比较准确,断面清楚,断点归位清晰,为断裂解释及发育期次和构造演化研究提高可靠的地震资料;对志留系断裂成像也有一定的改善,提高了资料解释的精度。浅、中、深层均有标志性的地震反射同相轴,且标志层连续性较好,各层段地质现象丰富,自上而下清晰地反映了地质沉积规律,对二叠系火成岩顶、底以及内幕的各个火成岩段的刻画非常清楚,有利于后续对火成岩段的速度研究以消除对火成岩段对下覆地层的影响;对地层接触关系表现清晰;奥陶系灰岩顶面地震特征明显,即清晰的反映出了灰岩顶面的形态。(3)工区内发育火成岩,断层非常发育,断裂关系极其复杂。解释过程中采取了一系列措施,指导项目研究工作。充分利用钻井地质分层资料、VSP资料和测井资料对地震反射层位和储层进行精细的标定,从上至下精细解释了多个地震反射层作为速度控制层,应用层位控制法建场流程建立了阿满地区精细速度场。同时,利用叠后波阻抗反演对阿满地区主要目的层进行储层预测及通过速度反演对二叠系火成岩段进行精细的速度研究,速度反演充分地利用地震资料的细节变化,避免了单一划分几类可能产生的误差,即把地震相进行无限细分并使之和钻井的结果紧密相结合,从而可进一步提高工区速度场的精度。(4)阿满地区二叠纪火山活动较为强烈,断裂系统复杂,断裂发育受火山岩喷发中心的影响,其断裂主要为火成岩相关断裂。工区内断层走向主要是近北东-南西向,局部发育北西向具有雁列式特征的断层带,其走向主要为北东-南西向;同时受二叠系火山岩喷发中心的控制—阿满地区局部发育小规模的环形断裂,其基本上控制了阿满地区大多数低幅度圈闭的发育。(5)志留系柯上段砂岩构造形态表现为西北倾的斜坡,其上发育一系列受断裂控制的低幅度圈闭。阿满4号构造位于工区北部流纹岩喷发中心的环形断裂内,是发育在斜坡背景上的受断裂控制的背斜,该圈闭在石炭系东河砂岩顶面,志留系柯坪塔格组顶面均存在。在志留系柯坪塔格组顶面构造图上,阿满4号圈闭表现为受断裂控制的自成圈闭。阿满4号圈闭基本形成于晚海西期,与油气运移时间匹配,利于成藏,同时晚海西期断裂较为发育,且多为高角度走滑断裂可以有效构造底部油源,并且后期构造运动基本没有破坏油气藏。综合研究分析,认为阿满4号构造圈闭最为有利,是目前较为可靠的勘探目标。
[Abstract]:In the process of this study, first of all, we carried out a series of seismic data processing in the whole area, using the unified continuous static correction quantity, optimizing the pre stack noise removal, amplitude preserving processing, wavelet conformance processing and other technical measures to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the target data. At the same time, the fine speed analysis was carried out to improve the quality of the migration imaging and the signal to noise ratio of the final results was obtained. On the basis of the existing research results, the newly processed seismic data, the seismic geological comprehensive calibration technology, the fine velocity construction technology, the model forward technique and the seismic inversion technique are used to elaborate the fine interpretation of the top surface and fracture of the Silurian collage group. In this paper, the following points are obtained: (1) using strong technical means to obtain high quality data in the process of seismic data processing. First, to solve the base by the method of continuous static correction. The problem of quasi surface static correction, at the same time, combines the information of micro logging in different periods, to get rid of the distortion point, to obtain the global constraint static correction, to improve the precision of the static correction, to eliminate the closed error of the data collected in different years, to eliminate residual residual time difference by residual static correction technology and to improve the imaging of data. The quality has achieved good results. Second, a variety of methods are used to denoise combined with different noise types. Different denoising methods are used step by step. In the gun domain, common detection point domain and common center point domain are combined to denoise, noise and signal to noise ratio are suppressed step by step; third, optimization of channel set, fine speed analysis and removal, extraction, High superposition and offset imaging precision; fourth, using curved ray prestack time migration technique, the offset parameter is scanned and iteratively adjusted the prestack time migration speed, the final section diffraction wave converges, the reflection wave is reasonable, and the image precision of the data is improved. (2) the signal to noise ratio of the reprocessed seismic data is obvious. On the other hand, the same phase axis is continuous, the amplitude preservation is good, the frequency band is widened, the data of the whole area have a more consistent amplitude frequency characteristic, the homing of the Carboniferous strike slip fault is reasonable, the fault points of each fault are accurate and clear; the back fault and the strike slip fault of the top surface of the Palaeozoic Ordovician limestone are more accurate, the section clear and the broken point homing. Clearly, it can improve the reliable seismic data for the fracture interpretation, the development period and the tectonic evolution research, and also improve the Silurian fracture imaging, and improve the accuracy of the data interpretation. The shallow, middle and deep layers have the marked seismic reflection axis, and the continuity of the mark layer is better, the geological phenomena of each layer are rich and the top-down is clearly reversed. The geological depositional rules are shown, and the portrayal of various igneous rocks at the top, bottom and inside of the Permian igneous rock is very clear. It is beneficial to the study of the velocity of the igneous rock section in order to eliminate the influence on the overlying strata of the igneous rock section and the contact relation of the strata clearly, and the seismic characteristics of the Ordovician limestone top are clearly reflected. The form of the top surface of the limestone. (3) the development of igneous rock in the industrial area, the fault is very developed and the fracture relationship is extremely complex. In the process of interpretation, a series of measures have been taken to guide the research work of the project. The stratified data of drilling geology is fully utilized, the seismic reflection layer and reservoir are finely calibrated by VSP data and logging data, from upper to lower fine interpretation. Several seismic reflection layers are used as speed control layer, and the fine velocity field in the area is established by using the layer control method to build the field process. At the same time, the reservoir prediction of the main target layers in the area of the area and the velocity inversion are used to study the fine velocity of the Permian igneous rock section by the post stack wave impedance inversion, and the velocity inversion is fully utilized. The details of seismic data change to avoid a single division of possible errors, that is, to make an infinite subdivision of the seismic phase and combine it with the results of the drilling. (4) the Permian volcanic activity in the A Man region is more intense, the fracture system is complex, and the fracture development is sprayed by the volcanic rock. The main fault of the center is the related fracture of the igneous rock. The fault trend in the industrial area is mainly near NW NW, and the local development of the fault zone with the characteristics of wild goose column, which is mainly North East and South West, and controlled by the eruption center of the Permian volcanic rocks at the same time. It basically controls the development of most low amplitude traps in the aman area. (5) the sandstone structure of the Silurian section of the upper section of the Silurian section is characterized by a north-west slope and a series of low amplitude traps controlled by fracture. The No. 4 structure is located in the ring fault of the rhyolite Center of the northern part of the industrial area, and is a subject developed on the slope background. On the top surface of the Carboniferous Donghe sandstone roof and the top surface of the Silurian Donghe sandstone group, the top surface of the Silurian Ke Ping tge formation is present. On the top surface of the Silurian Ke Ping tge formation, the No. 4 trap in the Silurian system is a self closed trap controlled by the fault. The aman No. 4 trap is basically formed in the late Hercynian period, which is matched with the migration time of oil and gas, and is beneficial to the accumulation and late sea at the same time. The west stage fault is more developed, and most of the high angle strike slip faults can effectively construct the base oil source, and the late tectonic movement basically does not destroy the oil and gas reservoirs. Comprehensive research and analysis suggest that the 4 structural trap is the most favorable and is the more reliable exploration target at present.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13;P631.4

【参考文献】