海底绳索取芯钻具的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 08:44

本文选题：绳索取芯 + 钻具　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：绳索取芯钻具是钻机研制的关键部件之一,相较于普通双管钻具,它有着作业效率高、劳动成本低等一系列优势。但到目前为止,我国所研制的海底岩芯钻机都采用的是普通双管取心钻具,随着海底岩芯钻机钻深能力的不断提升,海底绳索取芯钻具研究与开发具有重要意义且十分迫切。本文根据国内外绳索取芯钻具的标准系列和结构形式以及钻具需要钻进的地层,研究设计了一套海底绳索取芯钻具,并进行了室内试验。全文主要研究工作如下:(1)分析了现有绳索取芯钻具的功能特点、整体结构,根据所研发钻机的勘探目标,明确了钻进方法,确定了绳索取芯钻具整体结构、技术要求与钻杆长度、根数等参数,形成了海底绳索取芯钻具整体设计方案。(2)根据国内外较成熟的绳索取芯钻具结构和所确定的整体方案,开展了弹卡定位机构、到位报信机构、悬挂机构、调节机构、岩芯卡取机构等机构的结构设计,并确定了相应零部件尺寸。同时对钻头的水路、唇面形状等进行了分析,使所研制钻头更加适用于海底复杂的地质环境。(3)基于Ansys软件,对钻具钻进过程中常常发生破坏的零部件如悬挂机构、钻杆螺纹接头等进行了静力学分析,研究了不同参数对它们强度的影响,依据分析结果合理的选取了相关尺寸。开展了钻柱模态分析,结果表明在钻孔深度较浅的情况下,相比于扭转和纵向振动,横向振动更容易引起钻柱共振。同时得到了几个在钻进过程中应当避免的转速,为钻进参数的选取提供了理论指导。对新型底喷式钻头和普通底喷式钻头流场进行了对比分析,验证了新型底喷式钻头冲洗性能的优越性。(4)针对钻头水眼易破坏这一现象,运用响应曲面法建立了水口处尺寸与水眼最大应力之间的数学模型,采用遗传算法对水眼处最大应力进行了优化,优化后水眼处最大应力降低16%。(5)依托海底60m多用途钻机,在湖南科技大学室内实验室进行了室内钻进试验。试验结果表明,钻具各机构配合良好,运行稳定,取芯完整度高,达到了本套海底绳索取芯钻具设计规定的技术指标与功能。
[Abstract]:Rope cored drilling tool is one of the key parts of drilling rig. Compared with common double-pipe drilling tool, it has a series of advantages, such as high working efficiency and low labor cost. But up to now, the submarine core-drilling rig developed in our country adopts the common double-pipe coring drilling tool. With the continuous improvement of the drilling depth of the submarine core-drilling rig, the research and development of the submarine rope core-drilling tool is of great significance and is very urgent. According to the standard series and structure of rope core-drilling tools at home and abroad as well as the formation which drilling tools need to be drilled, a set of submarine rope core-drilling tools is designed and tested in laboratory in this paper. The main research work of this paper is as follows: (1) the functional characteristics and the overall structure of the existing rope core-drilling tools are analyzed. According to the exploration targets of the drilling rig developed, the drilling method is defined and the integral structure of the rope core-taking drilling tool is determined. Technical requirements and parameters such as drill pipe length, root number, etc., forming the overall design scheme of submarine rope core-drilling tool. (2) according to the mature structure of rope core-drilling tool at home and abroad and the determined overall scheme, the pintle positioning mechanism is developed. The structure design of message delivery mechanism, suspension mechanism, regulating mechanism, core card mechanism and so on, and the dimensions of the corresponding parts are determined. At the same time, the water path and lip shape of the drill are analyzed, which makes the developed bit more suitable for the complicated geological environment on the bottom of the sea. Based on Ansys software, it can destroy the parts of drilling tool such as suspension mechanism. The influence of different parameters on the strength of drill pipe threaded joints was studied by statics analysis. According to the analysis results, the relevant dimensions were reasonably selected. The modal analysis of drill string shows that the lateral vibration is more likely to cause drilling string resonance than that of torsion and longitudinal vibration in the case of shallow drilling depth. At the same time, several rotational speeds which should be avoided in the drilling process are obtained, which provides theoretical guidance for the selection of drilling parameters. The flow field of new type bottom jet bit and common bottom jet type bit is compared and analyzed, which verifies the superiority of the new type bottom jet bit in washing performance. (4) aiming at the phenomenon that water hole of drill bit is easy to destroy, the flow field of new type bottom jet bit is compared with that of common bottom jet bit. The mathematical model between the size of the nozzle and the maximum stress of the water hole is established by using the response surface method. The maximum stress of the water hole is optimized by genetic algorithm. After the optimization, the maximum stress of the water hole is reduced by 16.6%) and the maximum stress of the water hole is reduced by 16.5%, which relies on the 60m multi-purpose drilling rig under the sea floor. An indoor drilling test was carried out in the laboratory of Hunan University of Science and Technology. The test results show that the drilling tools have good coordination, stable operation and high coring integrity, and reach the technical targets and functions stipulated in the design of this set of submarine rope coring drilling tools.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P634.4

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