区域地（矿）震监测数据的统计分析与声发射模拟实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 12:06

本文选题：地震 + 水位监测　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：地球每年多次发生的强震给人类带来了极大的灾难,但对地震的准确预报至今仍然处在研究探索的阶段。地震预报是当今世界上尚未解决的重大科学难题之一。探究地震孕育和发展过程的演变规律和研究新的地震监测方法,可以为地震预报提供科学依据和定量判据,因此具有十分重要的现实意义和应用价值。本文针对山东省邹城市的地质结构特点和地震及区域矿震频发的情况,基于水位和微震计监测方法进行了区域地(矿)震实时监测数据的统计分析,初步建立区域地(矿)震信息实时采集系统,以期为邹城市区域地(矿)震的短临预报提供重要的实验基础和理论依据。本文还基于"水-声耦合"原理进行了模拟水中地震波的声发射动态检测实验研究,以探究新的区域地(矿)震监测方法。本文的研究结果表明:1、邹城市岳庄地震观测站深水井的水位监测数据统计分析结果表明,发生某些典型强震前均出现水位持续快速下降,而强震后则水位发生明显回升现象。因此,该深井地下水的记震能力较好,尤其对浅源性强震的反应比较灵敏;在空间上的记震能力具有方向性;每年3-4月和10-11月为强震多发期。地震的同震响应主要有阶梯型和振荡型两种类型。2、采用微震计监测区域地(矿)震数据的统计分析结果表明,区域矿震的时间分布具有一定规律,矿震的空间分布具有聚集性特点。通过分析随机监测震波的波形和波谱,可以区分矿震、爆破和地震的特征,并能对震动事件进行定位和确定震动事件发生的时间、震中位置和震动强度等信息。3、基于"水-声耦合"原理,采用声发射技术初步测量了在水中模拟声波的传播特点和不同材料波导的传导特征,为以深水井中水作为耦合介质和采用声发射动态无损检测技术建立新的地震实时监测系统奠定了实验基础。
[Abstract]:The strong earthquakes that occur many times every year have brought great disaster to human beings, but the accurate prediction of earthquakes is still in the stage of research and exploration. Earthquake prediction is one of the major scientific problems in the world. Exploring the evolution law of earthquake preparation and development process and studying new seismic monitoring method can provide scientific basis and quantitative criterion for earthquake prediction, so it has very important practical significance and application value. According to the geological structure characteristics of Zoucheng City, Shandong Province and the frequent occurrence of earthquakes and regional mine earthquakes, based on the monitoring method of water level and microseismometer, this paper makes a statistical analysis of the real time monitoring data of regional ground (mine) earthquakes. In order to provide an important experimental and theoretical basis for the short-term and imminent prediction of regional ground (ore) earthquakes in Zoucheng City, a preliminary real-time acquisition system of regional ground (ore) earthquake information is established. Based on the principle of "water-acoustic coupling", an experimental study of acoustic emission dynamic detection of simulated seismic waves in water is carried out in order to explore a new method for monitoring regional ground (mine) earthquakes. The results of this paper show that the water level of the deep well of Yuezhuang earthquake observation station in Zoucheng city is statistically analyzed. The results show that before some typical strong earthquakes occur, the water level decreases rapidly and continuously, but after the strong earthquake, the water level rises obviously. Therefore, the underground water of this deep well has a good seismic recording ability, especially a more sensitive response to shallow strong earthquakes, a directional seismic recording capacity in space, and a strong earthquake frequent period in March-April and October-November each year. There are two types of coearthquake response: ladder type and oscillating type. The statistical analysis results of monitoring regional ground (mine) seismic data by using microseismometer show that the time distribution of regional mine earthquakes is regular. The spatial distribution of mine earthquakes is characterized by aggregation. By analyzing the waveform and spectrum of random monitoring seismic wave, the characteristics of mine earthquake, blasting and earthquake can be distinguished, and the location of vibration event and the time of occurrence of vibration event can be determined. Based on the principle of "water-acoustic coupling", the propagation characteristics of simulated sound waves in water and the conduction characteristics of waveguides of different materials are preliminarily measured by acoustic emission technique. It lays a foundation for the establishment of a new real-time seismic monitoring system using water in deep wells as coupling medium and acoustic emission dynamic nondestructive testing technology.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P315.6

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