地面沉降地质灾害时空数据库建设

发布时间：2018-06-22 22:25

本文选题：地面沉降 + 时态GIS　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：地面沉降地质灾害是我国乃至世界范围内较为常见的地质灾害,我国华北平原、长江三角洲、汾渭盆地区域灾害情况尤为突出,对社会经济的可持续发展产生了巨大影响。地面沉降灾害具有明显的时序特征,基于地理信息系统技术研究地面沉降灾害不仅需要表达地面沉降灾害的空间和属性信息,还需表达其时态特性。传统无时间概念的静态GIS中,数据只能反映地面沉降灾害在某个时刻的“快照”,数据无法直观表达地面沉降灾害在时间上的变化,难以对数据的更新变化进行分析,更不能预测地面沉降灾害的未来趋势。本文利用时态地理信息系统技术,首先对地面沉降灾害数据的时空语义及时空变化过程进行了分析,为时空数据建模奠定了基础。其次,结合现有时空数据模型和地面沉降灾害时空变化特点,构建了基于动态多级基态修模型的地面沉降灾害时空数据模型。依据该模型从概念设计、逻辑设计和物理设计三个层次设计了现状库、历史库和工作库的“3库”结构的地面沉降灾害时空数据库,研究了时空数据一体化存储、更新等内容。最后,利用ESRI Geodatabase对所设计的地面沉降灾害时空数据库进行了实现,完成了地面沉降灾害时空数据一体化存储及地面沉降灾害的时空查询及回溯。本文主要探讨了地面沉降灾害时空数据模型和数据库的构建问题,为地面沉降灾害时空数据的存储和管理提供了理论与技术方法支撑。论文主要取得如下成果:(1)分析了地面沉降灾害的时空语义及时空变化过程,结合动态多级基态修正时空数据模型的优点,构建了地面沉降时空数据模型,研究了基于该模型的地面沉降灾害时空数据的组织、存储方法。(2)基于序列快照模型和动态多级基态修正时空数据模型设计并构建了地面沉降灾害时空数据库。结合地面沉降灾害时空数据特点以及时空数据库设计原则,设计了“3库”结构:现状库、历史库和工作库,从概念设计、逻辑设计和物理设计完成了时空数据库从现实世界到物理世界的实现方法,并在此基础上探讨了时空数据库更新机制。(3)以Geodatabase数据库为平台,对地面沉降灾害时空数据库进行了实现,完成了时空数据一体化存储,实现了时空数据的查询和回溯。
[Abstract]:Ground subsidence geological hazard is a common geological hazard in China and even in the world. The regional disasters in North China Plain, Yangtze River Delta and Fen-Wei Basin are particularly prominent, which have a great impact on the sustainable development of social economy. Land subsidence disaster has obvious temporal characteristics. The study of land subsidence disaster based on GIS technology not only needs to express the spatial and attribute information of land subsidence disaster, but also need to express its temporal characteristics. In the traditional static GIS with no time concept, the data can only reflect the "snapshot" of the land subsidence disaster at a certain time, and the data can not express the time change of the land subsidence disaster directly, so it is difficult to analyze the update change of the data. Moreover, the future trend of land subsidence disaster can not be predicted. In this paper, temporal Geographic Information system (TGIS) technology is used to analyze the temporal and spatial semantics and the process of spatiotemporal variation of land subsidence disaster data, which lays a foundation for spatiotemporal data modeling. Secondly, the spatio-temporal data model of land subsidence disaster based on dynamic multilevel ground state modification model is constructed based on the existing spatio-temporal data model and the space-time variation characteristics of land subsidence disaster. According to this model, the spatio-temporal database of land subsidence disaster is designed from three levels of conceptual design, logical design and physical design, including the present situation database, the history database and the work database, and the spatio-temporal data integration storage and updating are studied. Finally, using ESRI Geodatabase, the spatio-temporal database of land subsidence disasters is implemented, and the spatio-temporal data storage of land subsidence disasters and the spatio-temporal query and backtracking of land subsidence disasters are completed. This paper mainly discusses the construction of spatio-temporal data model and database of land subsidence disasters, which provides theoretical and technical support for the storage and management of space-time data of land subsidence disasters. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) the spatio-temporal semantics and the process of spatio-temporal variation of land subsidence disaster are analyzed. The spatio-temporal data model of land subsidence is constructed by combining the advantages of dynamic multi-level ground state modified spatio-temporal data model. The spatial and temporal data organization and storage method of land subsidence disaster based on this model are studied. (2) based on the sequential snapshot model and the dynamic multilevel ground state modified spatio-temporal data model, the spatio-temporal database of land subsidence disaster is designed and constructed. According to the characteristics of space-time data of land subsidence disaster and the design principle of spatio-temporal database, this paper designs the structure of "three databases": actuality database, history database and work database. Logical design and physical design complete the realization of spatio-temporal database from the real world to the physical world, and on this basis, the updating mechanism of spatio-temporal database is discussed. (3) taking Geodatabase database as the platform, The spatiotemporal database of land subsidence disaster is realized, and the spatio-temporal data is stored integrally, and the query and backtracking of spatio-temporal data are realized.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P628.4;P642.26

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