地震资料吸收衰减补偿方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 00:26

本文选题：黏声波动方程 + 吸收衰减　；参考：《西南石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要对波动方程吸收衰减补偿方法进行了研究,这项技术是服务于油气田勘探开发的重要技术手段。现如今勘探技术的应用都要求反射地震信号具有更高的分辨率及保真度。在地震勘探中决定地震分辨率的关键是获取的反射信号的有效频带宽度,而信号传播过程中1由于地层的吸收作用,有部分能量被衰减,导致接收到的信号频带宽度变窄。因此补偿能量的衰减对提高地震分辨率具有重要意义。本人在前人的基础上,对吸收衰减补偿技术进行了以下方而的系统研究：1)对黏弹性波动理论进行了了解并总结；2)对声波方程、黏声波方程等进行了数值模拟及波场分析；3)对品质l大l子计算方法进行了研究；4)实现了相移法和裂步傅里叶法的吸收衰减补偿；5)将裂步傅里叶法运用于实际资料处理中。稳定性和有效性是吸收衰减补偿中要考虑的两个基本问题,对于有效性,本文使用快速傅里叶法可以快速有效地实现;对于稳定性,本文使用加权法。黏滞性波动方程的数值模拟结果表明黏滞性介质对地震波有吸收衰减作用,相移法和裂步傅里叶法在数值模拟r中能稳定有效地补偿能量。将补偿方法运用于实际资料,对得到的偏移剖而和反演结果进行对比分析,该方法可以稳定有效地补偿实际地震资料。理论和实际证明了此方法的有效性和实用性。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the absorption and attenuation compensation method of wave equation is studied, which is an important technique for oil and gas field exploration and development. Nowadays, the application of exploration technology requires higher resolution and fidelity of reflected seismic signals. In seismic exploration, the key to determine the seismic resolution is the effective band width of the acquired reflection signal. In the process of signal propagation, some energy is attenuated due to the absorption of the formation, which results in the narrowing of the band width of the received signal. Therefore, it is very important to compensate for the attenuation of energy to improve the seismic resolution. On the basis of previous studies, the absorption attenuation compensation technique is systematically studied in the following aspects: 1) the viscoelastic wave theory is studied and summarized. 2) numerical simulation and wave field analysis of acoustic wave equation, viscoacoustic wave equation and so on are carried out. 3) this paper studies the calculation method of quality l _ (l) L ~ (1) and realizes the absorption attenuation compensation of phase-shift method and split-step Fourier method. 5) the split-step Fourier method is applied to practical data processing. The stability and efficiency are two basic problems to be considered in the absorption attenuation compensation. For the efficiency, the fast Fourier method is used to realize the efficiency quickly and effectively, and the weighting method is used for the stability. The numerical simulation results of viscous wave equation show that viscous medium can absorb and attenuate seismic wave, and phase shift method and split step Fourier method can compensate energy stably and effectively in numerical simulation r. The compensation method is applied to the actual data and the migration profile obtained is compared with the inversion results. The method can compensate the actual seismic data stably and effectively. The effectiveness and practicability of this method are proved theoretically and practically.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.44

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