黄土高原洛河流域地质灾害易发性评价

发布时间：2018-06-29 15:27

本文选题：洛河流域 + 地质灾害　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：洛河流域研究区处于黄土高原中部,具有典型黄土地貌特点。在降雨、河流侵蚀等自然因素以及人类工程活动的诱发下,以滑坡为主的地质灾害广泛发育。本文以整个洛河流域地区为研究对象,借用GIS平台搭建数据库,综合已有地质调查资料,利用MapGIS采编数据和ArcGIS分析数据的功能,归纳了整个研究区内地质灾害的发育类型和分布规律,并且应用加权信息量法建立评价模型,对该地区地质灾害易发程度进行评价。开展的主要工作如下：(1)综合已有黄土高原地质资料,利用MapGIS绘制1：：100万黄土高原地质图、地貌图等,从中截取洛河流域地区,作为本文研究的基础地质资料图件。(2)根据已有的地质资料,结合野外调查的实际情况,统计了该研究区内已查明主要发育的地质灾害2886处,以滑坡为主,占全部地质灾害总数的82%,其次为崩塌和不稳定斜坡,大约共占总数的17%,还有1%的其他地质灾害。借用GIS平台搭建数据库,利用ArcGIS分析栅格数据库资料,为该区域地质灾害的评价分析提供了丰富的基础数据。(3)通过GIS软件对灾害信息的统计,发现滑坡等地质灾害以土质成分为主,中型规模居多,主要集中发育在洛河流域中部的黄土梁、峁、塬沟谷地区,以及洛河及其支流两侧的河谷地区。同时滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害的发育还受到降雨、植被以及人工活动的影响。(4)选取8个评价因子作为易发性评价的指标：灾害点密度、坡度、坡型、地层岩性、河流、植被、降雨和居民活动等。应用层次分析法对其加权,通过信息量模型,同时统计8个因子的信息量,然后综合考虑8个因子的权重及其信息量,绘制出整个洛河流域的地质灾害易发性分区图。统计分析表明,高易发区面积占到总面积的43%,其主要分布在洛河主干流以及一级支流流经区域,中易发区占30%,主要分布在洛河二、三级支流流经区域,低易发区占到26%,主要分布在洛河源头以及洛河下游区域。本文研究成果可为该流域经济布局和地质灾害防治提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:The study area of Luohe River Basin is located in the middle of Loess Plateau and has typical loess geomorphologic features. Induced by natural factors such as rainfall, river erosion and human engineering activities, the geological hazards mainly caused by landslides are widely developed. This paper takes the whole Luohe River Basin as the research object, uses the GIS platform to build the database, synthesizes the existing geological survey data, uses MapGIS to collect and compile the data and the ArcGIS analysis data function. The types and distribution of geological hazards in the whole study area are summarized, and the evaluation model is established by using weighted information method to evaluate the vulnerability of geological hazards in this area. The main works are as follows: (1) synthesizing the geological data of Loess Plateau, using MapGIS to draw 1: 1 million Loess Plateau geological map, geomorphological map, etc., from which to intercept the Luohe River Basin, As the basic geological data map studied in this paper. (2) according to the existing geological data, combined with the actual situation of field investigation, 2886 main geological hazards have been identified in the study area, mainly landslide. It accounts for 82% of the total geological hazards, followed by collapses and unstable slopes, accounting for about 17% of the total, and 1% of other geological hazards. Using GIS platform to build database and using ArcGIS to analyze raster database data, this paper provides abundant basic data for the evaluation and analysis of geological hazards in the region. (3) Statistics of disaster information through GIS software. It is found that the landslide and other geological hazards are mainly of soil composition, with medium scale being the majority. They are mainly developed in the loess beams, knolls and gullies in the central part of the Luohe River Basin, as well as in the valley areas on both sides of the Luohe River and its tributaries. At the same time, the development of geological hazards such as landslide and collapse is also affected by rainfall, vegetation and artificial activities. (4) eight evaluation factors are selected as indicators of vulnerability evaluation: disaster point density, slope type, stratigraphic lithology, river, vegetation, etc. Rain, activities, etc. It is weighted by Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the information content of 8 factors is counted by the information quantity model, and then the geological hazard susceptibility zoning map of the whole Luohe River basin is drawn by considering the weight and the information content of the eight factors synthetically. The statistical analysis shows that the area of high susceptibility area accounts for 43% of the total area. It is mainly distributed in the main stream of the Luohe River and the first grade tributary flow through the area, and the middle susceptible area accounts for 30%, mainly in the area of the second and third grade tributaries of the Luohe River. The low-risk area accounts for 26%, mainly distributed in the source of the Luohe River and the lower reaches of the Luohe River. The research results in this paper can be used for reference for the economic distribution and geological hazard prevention of the basin.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P694

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