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渤海新生代盆地浅部构造与深部过程耦合关系探讨

发布时间:2018-07-05 09:45

  本文选题:渤海 + 新生代 ; 参考:《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文


【摘要】:渤海新生代盆地是新生代渤海湾盆地的海域部分,其构造演化与渤海湾盆地密不可分。渤海湾盆地在新生代为典型的断陷-拗陷盆地,渤海则是其渐新世以来的沉积、沉降中心。在渤海新生代盆地演化的断陷期,渤海基底及盖层中的断层活动强烈,盆地发生裂陷沉降;在拗陷期,研究区发生区域性整体沉降,且具有普遍的加速沉降的特征。本论文借助渤海的地质解释后的地震剖面,利用平衡剖面分析的手段,对渤海新生代盆地的浅层构造变形特征进行了分析。在此基础上,本文结合莫霍面埋深和软流圈埋深等深部资料及其他深部结构成果,如层析成像等,对其浅部构造特征与深部结构的耦合关系进行比对分析,以期重现渤海新生代盆地的构造演化过程,探讨渤海新生代盆地浅部构造迁移性特征的深部动力学机制。渤海各坳陷新生代构造样式和断裂时空展布特征表明,渤海新生代断裂的发育总体受控与盆地伸展作用机制,在中渐新世后受研究区走滑断裂活动的影响。本文通过选取基本垂直渤海构造走向的6条大剖面,利用平衡剖面分析的结果进行了伸展量的估算,并在剖面上选取虚拟井计算不同时期的沉积沉降速率。结果表明,在盆地演化的断陷期,孔店组-沙四段沉积期,各坳陷沉积沉降速率较低且相差不大,研究区内同期发育多个沉积沉降中心;至沙三段沉积期沉积沉降速率达到最大,东营组沉积期沉积沉降速率变小,但沉积沉降中心已从四周逐步迁移至渤中坳陷;在拗陷期,以渤中坳陷为中心,出现的强烈沉积沉降,明显高于正常拗陷阶段沉积沉降速率。对于研究区上述浅部构造特征,本文结合最新的深部探测资料分析提出,渤海新生代盆地的断裂展布,受中生代末先存的构造格局影响;断陷盆地的形成,则是太平洋板块俯冲的持续后退和印藏碰撞远程效应持续东进共同作用的结果;中渐新世以来的加速沉降,则对应于太平洋俯冲板片前缘向东迁移引起的岩石圈迅速冷却的热沉降效应。
[Abstract]:The Cenozoic Bohai Basin is part of the Bohai Bay Basin in the Cenozoic, and its tectonic evolution is closely related to the Bohai Bay Basin. The Bohai Bay basin is a typical fault-depression basin in the Cenozoic, and the Bohai Sea is the center of sedimentation and subsidence since Oligocene. During the evolution of the Cenozoic basins in the Bohai Sea, the fault activity in the basement and caprock of the Bohai Sea was strong, and the subsidence occurred in the basin. In the depression period, the regional whole subsidence occurred in the study area, and the characteristics of general accelerated subsidence occurred. In this paper, the characteristics of shallow tectonic deformation in the Cenozoic basin of Bohai Sea are analyzed by means of the seismic section of the Bohai Sea after geological interpretation and the analysis of the equilibrium section. On this basis, the coupling relationship between the shallow structural characteristics and the deep structure is compared and analyzed by combining the deep data of Moho surface and the depth of the asthenosphere and other deep structure achievements, such as tomography, etc. In order to reproduce the tectonic evolution process of the Cenozoic basin in Bohai Sea, the deep dynamic mechanism of the shallow structural migration characteristics of the Cenozoic basin in the Bohai Sea is discussed. The Cenozoic structural style and temporal and spatial distribution of faults in the Bohai depression indicate that the development of the Cenozoic faults in the Bohai Sea is generally controlled and the extensional mechanism of the basin is affected by the strike-slip fault activity in the studied area after the Middle Oligocene. In this paper, by selecting 6 large sections of the basic vertical Bohai tectonic strike, the authors estimate the extensibility by using the results of the equilibrium section analysis, and select virtual wells on the section to calculate the sedimentation rate in different periods. The results show that the sedimentation rate of each depression is relatively low during the faulted period of basin evolution and the sedimentary period of Kongdian formation and Sha 4 member, and there are many sedimentation centers developed in the same period in the study area. During the depositional period from the third member to the Shahejie formation, the sedimentation rate reached the maximum, but the sedimentation center of the Dongying formation became smaller, but the sedimentation center moved gradually from the surrounding area to the Bozhong depression, and in the depression period, the center of the sedimentation center was the Bozhong depression. The strong sedimentation rate is obviously higher than that in the normal depression stage. For the shallow structural characteristics mentioned above in the study area, this paper, based on the latest deep exploration data, suggests that the fault distribution of the Cenozoic basin in the Bohai Sea is affected by the pre-existing tectonic pattern at the end of Mesozoic, the formation of the faulted basin, and the formation of the faulted basin. It is the result of the continuous retrogression of the Pacific plate and the continuous eastward effect of the India-Tibet collision, and the accelerated subsidence since the Miocene. It corresponds to the thermal subsidence effect of rapid cooling of lithosphere caused by eastward migration of the front edge of the Pacific subduction plate.
【学位授予单位】:中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:P736.1

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