吉林省平原区地下水水量时空演化特征研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 06:03

本文选题：吉林省平原区 + 地下水水量　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：吉林省平原区主要包含长春市、四平市、松原市、白城市等4个市以及下辖17个县(区),是吉林省经济发展的核心,是全国重要的商品粮生产基地。随着地下水开采强度加大,致使部分地区地下水过量开采,造成生态环境恶化,制约了研究区的可持续发展,因此掌握研究区地下水位、地下水资源量的时空演化特征,及地下水资源模数与其影响因素的关联程度对合理开发利用研究区地下水资源具有重要意义。本文依托吉林省水利厅水资源专项《吉林省1比5万水文地质图集编制》项目,对吉林省平原区第四系地下水位和地下水资源量时空演化特征进行研究。通过绘制研究区地下水动态曲线图和2000年、2014年等水位线图,查明研究区地下水位的时空演化特征;采用补给法对研究区2000~2013年间地下水资源量进行计算,借助地理信息系统对地下水资源量的空间分布情况进行分析,通过2000~2013年地下水资源量演化曲线图对地下水资源量的时间演化特征进行分析;采用灰色关联法对地下水资源模数的影响因素进行分析。并取得如下成果:(1)基于野外水文地质调查及地下水位长期观测资料,绘制了2000年与2014年潜水、承压水等水位线图,结果表明:研究区山前倾斜平原区潜水位为134~210m,河谷平原区潜水位为106~198m,松拉河间地块潜水位为127~204m,台地高平原区潜水位为145~231m,波状高平原潜水位为122~230m。与2000年相比,2014年潜水位在山前倾斜平原与西部低平原下降区面积大,在台地高平原区潜水位下降幅度最大,为8.6m。研究区承压水位为111~203m,与2000年相比,2014年承压水位在西部低平原下降区面积大,在西部低平原水位下降幅度最大,为15.5m。(2)通过绘制年内及年际地下水动态曲线,对研究区地下水位随时间演化规律进行研究,结果表明:研究区地下水位随时间变化与降水量随时间变化趋势一致。其中长春市、四平市、松原市的地下水位变化幅度较小,地下水位升降幅度在合理范围内。白城市地下水位下降明显,且下降范围较大。(3)运用补给法对研究区地下水资源量进行计算和分析,并对比不同年份地下水资源模数的空间分布情况,结果表明:研究区地下水资源总量为63.24×108m3/a,其中降水入渗补给量占地下水资源总量的92.0%。各地貌单元分区地下水资源模数由大到小为:河谷平原西部山前倾斜平原波状高平原松拉河间地块西部低平原台地高平原;各行政区地下水资源模数由大到小为:长春市四平市白城市松原市。2000~2005年全区地下水资源模数普遍增加,2005~2010年西部低平原区地下水资源模数下降明显,2010~2013年山前倾斜平原和西部低平原地下水资源模数上升明显。(4)通过计算研究区2000~2013年间地下水资源量及资源模数,结合各行政区开采量对地下水资源量进行分析,结果表明:地下水资源量与资源模数整体上随时间变化趋势与降水量随时间变化趋势一致。长春和四平地区的地下水资源模数随时间变化幅度稍大,松原市的地下水资源量变化幅度较小。长春市和松原市开采量小于地下水可开采量,四平市在枯水年开采量接近地下水可开采量,白城市在部分枯水年开采量超过地下水可开采量。(5)影响地下水资源模数的因素主要有:下垫面因素、气象因素、水文因素以及人为因素,其中降水量是影响地下水资源模数的主导因素。由于各分区的自然条件及人为作用的差异,使不同分区内各影响因素对地下水资源量的影响也略有不同。
[Abstract]:Jilin plain area mainly includes 4 cities, such as Changchun City, Siping City, Songyuan city and Baicheng City, and 17 counties under jurisdiction. It is the core of the economic development of Jilin province and the important commodity grain production base in the whole country. With the increase of groundwater exploitation intensity, the underground water is overexploited in some areas, resulting in the deterioration of the ecological environment and restricting the research area. Therefore, it is of great significance to grasp the groundwater level, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the groundwater resources and the correlation between the modulus of groundwater resources and the influencing factors of the groundwater resources, which is of great significance to the rational exploitation and utilization of the groundwater resources in the study area. This paper relies on the water resources special of the water resources department of Jilin province < 1 to 50 thousand hydrogeological maps of Jilin province >. The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of groundwater level and groundwater resources in the Quaternary System in Jilin plain area are studied. The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of groundwater level in the study area are identified by drawing dynamic curves of groundwater in the study area and the water level line map of 2000 and 2014, and the groundwater resources in the study area during 2000~2013 are calculated by the recharge method. By means of geographic information system, the spatial distribution of groundwater resources is analyzed, and the temporal evolution characteristics of groundwater resources are analyzed through the evolution curve of groundwater resources in 2000~2013 years, and the factors affecting the modulus of groundwater resources are analyzed with grey correlation method. The following results are obtained: (1) based on the field The hydrogeological survey and the long-term observation data of groundwater level have drawn the water level line map of diving and pressure water in 2000 and 2014. The results show that the diving position of the sloping plain area in the study area is 134~210m, the diving position of the valley plain area is 106~198m, the diving position of the massif is 127 ~204m, the submersible position of the plateau high plain area is 145~231m, and the wave shape is high. Compared with 2000, the submersible position of the plain is 122~230m. compared with that in 2000. In 2014, the submersible position in the sloping plain of the front of the mountain is larger than that in the western low plain, and the submersible level in the high plain area is the largest in the high plain area. The pressure water level of the 8.6m. study area is 111~203m. Compared with the 2000, the pressure water level in 2014 is large in the lower plain of the west, and in the low plain in the West. The decrease of water level is the largest, which is 15.5m. (2). By drawing the dynamic curve of groundwater in year and year, the groundwater level of the study area is studied with time. The result shows that the variation of groundwater level with time is consistent with time. The variation of groundwater level in Changchun, Siping City and Songyuan city is more than that of time. In a reasonable range, the rise and fall of groundwater level is within a reasonable range. The decline of groundwater level in Baicheng is obvious and the range is large. (3) the groundwater resources in the study area are calculated and analyzed by the recharge method, and the spatial distribution of groundwater model in different years is compared. The results show that the total amount of groundwater resources in the study area is 63.24 x 108m3/a, The groundwater resources module of 92.0%. geomorphologic units in the area of the river valley plain, the west of the river valley plain, the high plain of the high plain in the plain of the river valley plain, the high plain of the western low flat terrace in the west of the pines and the interriver massif in the plain of the valley plain, and the groundwater resources of each administrative region from large to small: the Changchun city of Siping City of Siping City. The modulus of groundwater resources in the whole region of the original city increased generally in.2000~2005, and the groundwater resources modulus decreased obviously in the western low plain area in 2005~2010. (4) the groundwater resources modulus of the sloping plain and the western low plain was rising obviously. (4) through the calculation of the groundwater resources and the resource modulus of the study area during the period of 2000~2013 and the opening of the administrative areas. The quantity of underground water resources is analyzed. The results show that the variation trend of groundwater resources and resource modulus is consistent with time. The change amplitude of groundwater resources in Changchun and Siping area is slightly larger with time, and the amount of underground water resources in Songyuan is small. Changchun and Songyuan City The mining amount is less than the groundwater exploitation, the mining amount in the dry water year is close to the groundwater recoverable quantity in Siping City. In Baicheng, the amount of groundwater exploitation is more than the groundwater exploitation in some dry years. (5) the factors affecting the modulus of groundwater resources mainly include the underlying surface factors, meteorological factors, water factors and human factors, among which the precipitation is influenced by the underground water The dominant factors of water resources modulus. Due to the differences in the natural and artificial effects of each partition, the influence of various factors on the amount of groundwater resources in different areas is slightly different.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.8

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