地震散射波EOM成像技术应用研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 21:40

本文选题：散射波 + 等效偏移距　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：散射波是一种广义上的地震波,而在地下地质构造中产生散射波的条件是普遍存在的。散射波成像方法是针对传统反射方法难以解决的复杂地下地质构造问题所提出来的,其具有重要的现实意义和应用前景。关于散射波的研究亦是当今地震勘探领域中的前沿课题。论文首先对散射波成像理论进行了系统的回顾,并以基于等效偏移距的共散射点(CSP)道集为基础,系统研究了散射波成像技术,并编程实现了CSP道集的抽取以及基于等效偏移距偏移(EOM)散射成像方法软件,同时引入了加权叠加的思想。此外,考虑到小间距CSP道集高密度信息工程技术需求,增加了CSP道集等距道加密采样功能。其次,针对不同地质构造特点,通过构建模型、地震记录正演数值模拟;依托传统反射成像和散射成像方法处理结果的对比分析,着重讨论了散射成像的关键参数(如速度、等效偏移距孔径、等效偏移距步长等)对最终成像结果的影响。进而就EOM散射成像方法软件工程运用与参数选择给出了建议。最后,为检验EOM散射波成像方法软件的有效性,针对经典地震地质模型Marmousi资料,实施了复杂波场散射波成像测试性处理研究,并取得了较为理想的成果。在此基础上,进一步选用关中地区中深层反射地震长剖面资料(44km)完成了实测数据试处理研究工作,结果表明EOM散射成像方法特别适用于低信噪比资料成像处理技术需求,并且能够有效改善深部复杂构造影像资料品质。散射波成像技术的理论前提更贴近地下实际情况,虽然散射理论提出已有相当长的时间,但其在解决实际生产问题中还处于探索阶段,随着技术的不断发展,该技术亦会得到完善,从而为地震勘探处理提供巨大帮助。
[Abstract]:Scattering wave is a kind of generalized seismic wave, but the condition of producing scattering wave in underground geological structure is universal. The scattering wave imaging method is proposed to solve the complex geological structure problem which is difficult to be solved by the traditional reflection method. It has important practical significance and application prospect. The study of scattering waves is also a frontier subject in the field of seismic exploration. Firstly, the theory of scattering wave imaging is reviewed systematically, and the scattering wave imaging technique is systematically studied based on the CSP gather based on equivalent offset. The software of CSP gathers extraction and scattering imaging based on equivalent offset migration (EOM) is programmed and the idea of weighted stacking is introduced. In addition, considering the need of high density information engineering technology of small spacing CSP gathers, the encryption sampling function of CSP gathers is added. Secondly, according to the characteristics of different geological structures, the forward modeling of seismic records is built, and the key parameters of scattering imaging, such as velocity, are discussed based on the comparison and analysis of the processing results of traditional reflection imaging and scattering imaging methods. The effect of equivalent offset aperture and equivalent offset step on the final imaging results. Furthermore, some suggestions on the application of EOM scattering imaging software and parameter selection are given. Finally, in order to verify the validity of the EOM scattering wave imaging software, a study on the testability of complex wave field scattering wave imaging is carried out for the classical seismic geological model Marmousi data, and a more satisfactory result is obtained. On the basis of this, the experimental data processing work is completed by selecting the long section data of medium-deep reflection seismic data (44km) in Guanzhong area. The results show that the scattering imaging method is suitable for the imaging technology of low SNR data. And it can effectively improve the quality of deep complex structure image data. The theoretical premise of scattering wave imaging technology is closer to the actual underground situation. Although the scattering theory has been put forward for quite a long time, it is still in the exploration stage in solving the practical production problem, with the development of the technology, The technology will also be improved, thus providing great help for seismic exploration processing.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4

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