马湖滑坡群发育特征与形成、演化过程研究
发布时间：2018-07-16 07:30
【摘要】：马湖滑坡群位于四川省凉山彝族自治州雷波县璜琅镇,是在强震作用下,形成的多期次的巨型滑坡,其最近一期形成的堰塞坝和堰塞湖保存完整,是解剖历史地震滑坡的理想之地。马湖滑坡群皆是对门山发生的滑坡,滑坡堆积体铺满整个璜琅镇,从南起马湖海口,北至车家湾(三家弯),西起筐海坝,东至下河坝,滑坡堆积体平均厚度约100m,由出露的堆积体可推测滑坡堆积体总体积近20亿m3。滑坡堆积体经过多经此的堆叠、河流侵蚀、人为改造等因素,呈现出槽谷和山梁的地貌。论文以马湖滑坡群为研究对象,在野外地质调查、资料收集及分析的基础上,详细地阐述滑坡区工程地质条件,由此概化出滑坡形成的地质概念模型。论文将马湖滑坡群的堆积体按其发育特征进行了分期,并详细的描述、分析。根据各期次的堆积体发育特征,解释马湖滑坡群的成因机制,并反演了马湖滑坡群以及滑坡区地貌发展、演化过程。最后,通过离散元软件UDEC模拟滑坡运动过程数值模拟。主要结论和认识如下:1)马湖滑坡群在五次地震事件下共发生过五期滑坡,其各期次成因模式皆为震动拉裂-顺层滑移式。马湖滑坡群是受到以下因素的共同作用并在强震作用下发生的滑坡:(1)地处多期构造叠加部位;(2)由于第四纪中更新世以来金沙江的快速下切带动古璜琅河的深切作用;(3)软弱夹层的存在削弱了岩体的层间结合力;(4)城墙岩背斜及芭蕉滩背斜产生的轴向纵张裂隙和横向张裂隙削弱了岩体的完整性;(5)强震地震波在地形放大效应叠加作用下。2)马湖滑坡群形成过程有着一系列的规律,其滑源区像是“洋葱剥皮”一样,一层一层的发生滑动破坏。由于马湖滑坡群的堆积体多次堰塞,促使古璜琅河多次改道,形成了璜琅镇的槽谷、低山、浅丘的地势以及现如今的马湖。马湖的排泄方式主要为“坝中渗流”,其补给与排泄基本平衡,使得马湖现存如今。由于湖水渗流,其坝基北侧形成洼地槽谷地貌。而第四期滑坡堆积体成分为灰岩碎石土,受溶蚀作用明显,形成了店子坪、干池塘洼地,其中还发育溶蚀漏斗。3)通过离散元UDEC软件对滑坡运动过程进行数值模拟可以得出滑坡运动特征:(1)启动阶段,在2-6s时,滑坡突然启动,启动速度为1m/s。(2)启动-加速-启程阶段。在滑坡启动后,在6-30s内,滑体加速至最大速度为67m/s,此时滑体完全脱离滑源,可近似当作滑体的启程速度的上限,在30-40s,滑体加速至滑坡整个过程中的最大速度72m/s。(3)减速爬坡阶段,在40s时,滑体遇到阻碍后开始爬坡,运动速度渐渐变小,并在70s时趋于稳定。(4)稳定阶段,在70-100s时,滑体停止前进。滑坡整体运移近2.4km,滑体前缘的岩块滑动距离最远约2~2.4km,滑体中部的岩块滑动距离最远约1.5~1.7km,滑体坡顶的运移距离最远约1.2~1.6km。
[Abstract]:The Mahu landslide group is located in Huanglang Town, Leibo County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. It is a multi-stage giant landslide formed by strong earthquakes. It is an ideal place for dissecting historical earthquake landslides. The Mahu landslide group is a landslide occurring in the opposite mountain. The landslide accumulation body is covered with the whole town of Huang Lang. From the south of Mahu Haikou to the north to Caijiawan (three bends), west to basket-sea dam, east to lower river dam, The average thickness of landslide accumulations is about 100m.The total volume of landslide accumulations can be inferred from the exposed accumulations about 2 billion m3. The landform of trough valley and mountain beam appears in landslide accumulation through many factors, such as stacking, river erosion, artificial transformation and so on. On the basis of field geological investigation, data collection and analysis, this paper takes Mahu landslide group as the research object, expounds the engineering geological conditions in landslide area in detail, and then generalizes the geological conceptual model of landslide formation. In this paper, the accumulation body of Mahu landslide group is divided into stages according to its developmental characteristics, and described and analyzed in detail. According to the characteristics of accumulation body development in each stage, the genetic mechanism of Mahu landslide group is explained, and the geomorphologic development and evolution process of Mahu landslide group and landslide area are inversed. Finally, the discrete element software UDEC is used to simulate the landslide motion. The main conclusions and understandings are as follows: (1) the Mahu landslide group has occurred five periods of landslides under five earthquake events. The Mahu landslide group is caused by the following factors: (1) located in the superimposed position of multi-stage structure, (2) driven by the rapid undercutting of the Jinsha River since the Middle Pleistocene of Quaternary. (3) the existence of weak intercalation weakens the interlaminar adhesion of rock mass; (4) the axial longitudinal fissure and transverse tensional fissure produced by the wall rock anticline and Bajiatan anticline weaken the integrity of the rock mass; (5) the strong earthquake waves superimpose on the topographic effect. The formation process of Mahu landslide group has a series of rules. Its slippery source is like "onion peeling", a layer of sliding damage. Because the accumulation body of the Mahu landslide group has been blocked many times, the Guhuanglang River has been diverted many times, forming the trough valley, the low mountain and the shallow hill of Huanglang Town, as well as the present Ma Hu. The discharge mode of Ma Lake is mainly "seepage in dam", and its recharge and discharge are basically balanced, which makes the lake exist today. Because of the percolation of the lake water, the north side of the dam foundation forms the valley geomorphology of the trough. However, in the fourth stage, the composition of the landslide is limestone and gravel soil, which is obviously eroded, forming Dianziping, dry pond depressions, Also developed dissolution funnel .3) through the discrete element UDEC software to the landslide movement process numerical simulation may obtain the landslide movement characteristic: (1) start stage, at 2-6 s, the landslide suddenly starts, the starting speed is 1 m / s. (2) Start-up-accelerated-start stage. After the start of the landslide, within 6-30s, the sliding body accelerates to the maximum speed of 67 m / s. The sliding body is completely detached from the sliding source and can be regarded as the upper limit of the starting speed of the slide body. At 30-40 s, the sliding body accelerates to the maximum speed of 72 m / s / s during the whole process of the landslide. (3) decelerate the climbing phase. After 40 s, the slider starts to climb the slope and the velocity becomes smaller, and tends to be stable at 70s. (4) in the stable stage, the slider stops moving at 70-100s. The whole movement of the landslide is nearly 2.4 km, the sliding distance of the rock block at the front edge of the landslide is about 2 ~ 2.4km, the sliding distance of the rock block in the middle part of the landslide is about 1.5 ~ 1.7km, and the distance from the top of the landslide slope is about 1.2 ~ 1.6km.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P642.22
本文编号：2125678
[Abstract]:The Mahu landslide group is located in Huanglang Town, Leibo County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. It is a multi-stage giant landslide formed by strong earthquakes. It is an ideal place for dissecting historical earthquake landslides. The Mahu landslide group is a landslide occurring in the opposite mountain. The landslide accumulation body is covered with the whole town of Huang Lang. From the south of Mahu Haikou to the north to Caijiawan (three bends), west to basket-sea dam, east to lower river dam, The average thickness of landslide accumulations is about 100m.The total volume of landslide accumulations can be inferred from the exposed accumulations about 2 billion m3. The landform of trough valley and mountain beam appears in landslide accumulation through many factors, such as stacking, river erosion, artificial transformation and so on. On the basis of field geological investigation, data collection and analysis, this paper takes Mahu landslide group as the research object, expounds the engineering geological conditions in landslide area in detail, and then generalizes the geological conceptual model of landslide formation. In this paper, the accumulation body of Mahu landslide group is divided into stages according to its developmental characteristics, and described and analyzed in detail. According to the characteristics of accumulation body development in each stage, the genetic mechanism of Mahu landslide group is explained, and the geomorphologic development and evolution process of Mahu landslide group and landslide area are inversed. Finally, the discrete element software UDEC is used to simulate the landslide motion. The main conclusions and understandings are as follows: (1) the Mahu landslide group has occurred five periods of landslides under five earthquake events. The Mahu landslide group is caused by the following factors: (1) located in the superimposed position of multi-stage structure, (2) driven by the rapid undercutting of the Jinsha River since the Middle Pleistocene of Quaternary. (3) the existence of weak intercalation weakens the interlaminar adhesion of rock mass; (4) the axial longitudinal fissure and transverse tensional fissure produced by the wall rock anticline and Bajiatan anticline weaken the integrity of the rock mass; (5) the strong earthquake waves superimpose on the topographic effect. The formation process of Mahu landslide group has a series of rules. Its slippery source is like "onion peeling", a layer of sliding damage. Because the accumulation body of the Mahu landslide group has been blocked many times, the Guhuanglang River has been diverted many times, forming the trough valley, the low mountain and the shallow hill of Huanglang Town, as well as the present Ma Hu. The discharge mode of Ma Lake is mainly "seepage in dam", and its recharge and discharge are basically balanced, which makes the lake exist today. Because of the percolation of the lake water, the north side of the dam foundation forms the valley geomorphology of the trough. However, in the fourth stage, the composition of the landslide is limestone and gravel soil, which is obviously eroded, forming Dianziping, dry pond depressions, Also developed dissolution funnel .3) through the discrete element UDEC software to the landslide movement process numerical simulation may obtain the landslide movement characteristic: (1) start stage, at 2-6 s, the landslide suddenly starts, the starting speed is 1 m / s. (2) Start-up-accelerated-start stage. After the start of the landslide, within 6-30s, the sliding body accelerates to the maximum speed of 67 m / s. The sliding body is completely detached from the sliding source and can be regarded as the upper limit of the starting speed of the slide body. At 30-40 s, the sliding body accelerates to the maximum speed of 72 m / s / s during the whole process of the landslide. (3) decelerate the climbing phase. After 40 s, the slider starts to climb the slope and the velocity becomes smaller, and tends to be stable at 70s. (4) in the stable stage, the slider stops moving at 70-100s. The whole movement of the landslide is nearly 2.4 km, the sliding distance of the rock block at the front edge of the landslide is about 2 ~ 2.4km, the sliding distance of the rock block in the middle part of the landslide is about 1.5 ~ 1.7km, and the distance from the top of the landslide slope is about 1.2 ~ 1.6km.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P642.22
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