城镇化背景下的济南岩溶山区环境扰动特征研究

发布时间：2018-07-22 20:41

【摘要】：岩溶山地在我国国土面积中有着较大的分布比例，大约占国土面积的30%。山东省是中国北方重要的岩溶地区分布之一，可溶性岩石出露面积约为16200km2。仅济南市南部山区的岩溶面积就约为3500km2，占整个山东省岩溶面积的21.6%，占济南市土地面积的近40%。但是在快速城镇化发展的背景下，随着人们对济南岩溶山区的不断开发，，研究区内的一系列如石漠化、生态环境脆弱、土地塌陷等扰动岩溶山区稳定的环境问题越来越突出。本文在济南快速城镇化的实际发展背景下，以济南岩溶山区为研究区域，采用理论与实际相结合、室内研究与野外调查相补充的技术路线，构建济南南部山区岩溶环境扰动指数（KDI）模型，从影响岩溶环境扰动的地形因素、土壤因素、水文因素、大气因素、生物因素、文化因素等多个主要影响因子进行分析，并从土地利用面积变化、洪水、采石采矿、土壤变化、空气质量变化、降水量、水质、植被覆盖、岩溶山区的管理情况、交通发展情况、人口变化等具体指标展开研究论述。本次论文以岩溶扰动指数打分标准为依据，通过前期多次对研究区内的部分村镇的实际走访考察和问卷调查，并结合20位相关地理学和旅游学等方面的专家对济南岩溶山区环境扰动指标的打分结果，初步整理论文写作需要的数据，运用EXCEL和SPASS等软件对影响岩溶环境扰动的具体指标因子进行打分判读。结合济南快速城镇化发展的现状，通过对岩溶区的地表形态变化和土壤状况的分析，可以得出人类活动中的采石开矿、土壤侵蚀与土壤紧实的程度等特征因子都会对岩溶区的地貌变化产生相应影响。而岩溶区的水质、水量变化，尤其是地下水水位的变化又会对岩溶环境中的水文因素造成扰动。研究区的植被扰动状况，如植被覆盖度和人口密度等特征因子的变化也会导致岩溶区的生物因素发生变动，进而影响整个岩溶区的生态状况。济南岩溶山区有着丰富的旅游景观资源，本文通过大量的野外调查活动，对研究区的人文古迹状况、岩溶区的日常管理工作和基础设施建设三方面展开分析，深入探究文化因素对岩溶环境中的作用和影响。在快速发展的城镇化背景下，本文通过对济南岩溶山区环境扰动特征的研究分析，得出相关结论。进而从优化土地利用结构，治理污染、改善空气质量，合理利用和保护水资源，加强发展岩溶山区的生态建设和加强管理并建立环境管理机构等几个方面提出综合治理措施。以将引起岩溶区环境扰动的各个特征值降到最低，最终实现人与自然的和谐发展，同时力争能够为我国其他岩溶地区的环境治理与发展提供可参考的依据和实例。最后，本文对研究中的主要成果和存在的不足进行了总结，并对本研究领域的发展方向进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Karst mountain area in China has a large distribution ratio, accounting for about 30 percent of the land area. Shandong Province is one of the most important karst areas in the north of China. The area of soluble rock outcrop is about 16200km2. The karst area in the southern mountainous area of Jinan City alone is about 3 500 km2 accounting for 21. 6% of the total karst area in Shandong Province and nearly 40 km ~ 2 of the land area of Jinan City. However, with the rapid development of urbanization, with the continuous development of Jinan karst mountain areas, a series of environmental problems such as rocky desertification, fragile ecological environment, land collapse and so on, which disturb the stability of karst mountain areas, are becoming more and more prominent. Under the background of rapid urbanization in Jinan, this paper takes the karst mountain area of Jinan as the research area, and adopts the technical route of combining theory with practice, complementing indoor research and field investigation. The KDI model of karst environment disturbance index (KDI) was constructed in the southern mountainous area of Jinan. The main influencing factors such as topography factor, soil factor, hydrological factor, atmosphere factor, biological factor, cultural factor and so on were analyzed. The paper also discusses the land use area change, flood, quarrying, soil change, air quality change, precipitation, water quality, vegetation cover, management situation of karst mountain area, traffic development, population change and so on. Based on the criteria of scoring Karst disturbance Index, this paper has visited and surveyed some villages and towns in the study area many times in the early stage. Combining with the results of 20 experts in geography, tourism and other related fields to score the environmental disturbance index in Jinan karst mountain area, the data needed for the writing of the paper are preliminarily sorted out. The software excel and spas are used to mark and interpret the specific index factors which affect the disturbance of karst environment. Combined with the present situation of rapid urbanization in Jinan, through the analysis of the changes of surface morphology and soil conditions in karst areas, the quarrying and mining in human activities can be obtained. The characteristic factors such as soil erosion and the degree of soil compaction have a corresponding effect on the geomorphologic changes in karst areas. The variation of water quality and quantity of water, especially the change of groundwater level, will disturb the hydrological factors in karst environment. The change of vegetation disturbance condition, such as vegetation coverage and population density, will also lead to the change of biological factors in karst area, and then affect the ecological condition of the whole karst area. There are abundant tourist landscape resources in the karst mountainous area of Jinan. Through a large number of field investigation activities, this paper analyzes the situation of the humanities and historic sites in the study area, the daily management work and the infrastructure construction of the karst area. To explore the effect of cultural factors on karst environment. Under the background of rapid development of urbanization, this paper studies and analyzes the characteristics of environmental disturbance in Jinan karst mountain area, and draws relevant conclusions. Finally, comprehensive measures are put forward from several aspects, such as optimizing land use structure, controlling pollution, improving air quality, rationally utilizing and protecting water resources, strengthening ecological construction, strengthening management and setting up environmental management organization in karst mountain areas. In order to reduce the characteristic values of environmental disturbance to the lowest, to realize the harmonious development of man and nature, and to provide reference basis and examples for the environmental treatment and development of other karst areas in China. Finally, this paper summarizes the main achievements and shortcomings of the research, and prospects the development of this research field.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P642.25

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