新疆天山带地下流体观测点水文地质环境评价与研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 19:35

【摘要】：在地震地下流体观测中,地下水的补给来源、循环与演化等水文地质环境特征,是分析地下流体前兆信息的基本依据。目前,在地下水的补给、循环与演化等方面的研究中,水化学、环境同位素和地下水测年等方法越来越成为有效的研究手段。采用这些方法对地下流体观测点的水文地质环境开展研究和评价,探讨观测点地下水的补给来源和循环演化特征,将为分析地震地下流体前兆信息提供重要的参考依据和基础信息。另一方面,新疆天山地震带近年来地震频发,地震活动性较高,地下流体观测点分布合理,前兆信息丰富,为地震地下流体监测提供了天然的试验场。对天山地震带地下流体观测点水文地质环境开展评价和研究,进一步分析和评价地下流体前兆信息,可为未来该地区及其他观测点的地下流体地震前兆监测工作提供借鉴和参考。本文重点分析了研究区地下流体观测点地下水的水化学类型、水-岩化学平衡特征、地下水热储温度和循环深度、补给来源和补给高程,并采用放射性同位素氚计算了地下水年龄。取得的主要认识有：(1)乌鲁木齐9、10号泉水化学类型相近,补给高程和实际高程相差较小,补给后径流时间和路程较短,有一部分为大气降水直接补给,属浅层地下水；4号井和4号泉中SO42-离子含量较高,水-岩化学平衡状态为“部分平衡水”,地下水中存在一部分深层水的混入,循环深度较大;15号泉水化学类型复杂,水-岩反应较为充分,补给高程低于实际高程,降水在海拔较低的地方补给到地下,经过地下循环补给形成泉水。(2)21号泉由地表水顺断裂带下渗、循环及排泄而成,循环深度较大,降水和地表水补给后经过一定深度的循环之后经过断裂上涌补给形成该泉水。(3)501泉和39泉为Na-Ca-SO4-Cl型水,水-岩反应处于初级阶段,地下水循环深度较大,泉水是由降水和地表水补给后经过一定深度的循环之后排泄形成的。(4)在北天山沙湾、乌苏和博乐的地震流体监测点中,所采集水样均有不同程度的深层水的混入,地下水循环深度较大,径流路径较长,地下水年龄均大于500年。(5)尼勒克和特克斯的断层泉形成机理相似,都是大气降水和冰雪融水补给后,在断裂带中经过一定深度和一定时间的循环排泄形成的。(6)氚年龄的证据表明监测点多为“次现代”地下水,适合开展地下水化学组分的地震信息监测。为了更好的将上述方法和理论应用于具体工作中,文中第四章以10号泉为例,结合日常监测数据对该监测点的映震能力进行了分析和评价。认为10号泉的监测数据稳定,规律性较好,地下水混合、水一岩反应程度及地下水年龄适中,比较适合开展地震地下流体前兆观测,较容易获取各阶段地震前兆异常信息。对地震带地下流体监测点水文地质环境的研究,将有助于推进水化学、环境同位素和地下水测年等方法在地震监测领域中的应用。尤其是地下水测年技术,虽然其在地震地下流体科学研究中的应用实例还较少,但根据相关学科的实例来看,该技术应会有广泛的应用前景。
[Abstract]:In the observation of seismic underground fluid, the characteristics of groundwater recharge sources, circulation and evolution are the basic basis for analyzing the precursory information of underground fluid. At present, in the study of groundwater recharge, circulation and evolution, the methods of hydrochemistry, environmental isotopes and groundwater dating have become more and more effective researchers. The study and evaluation of the hydrogeological environment of underground fluid observation points are carried out by these methods. The source of groundwater recharge and the characteristics of cyclic evolution are discussed, and the important reference and basic information will be provided for the analysis of the precursory information of the seismic underground fluid. On the other hand, the earthquakes in the Tianshan seismic belt in Xinjiang are frequent and earthquake in recent years. High activity, reasonable distribution of underground fluid observation points, abundant precursory information and a natural test field for seismic underground fluid monitoring. The evaluation and study of the hydrogeological environment of underground fluid observation points in Tianshan seismic belt, and further analysis and evaluation of the precursory information of underground fluid can be used for the future of this area and other observation points. In this paper, the hydrochemical types of groundwater, the characteristics of water rock chemical equilibrium, the temperature and depth of groundwater, the supply and the elevation of recharge, and the calculation of the age of groundwater by radioactive isotopic tritium are emphatically analyzed in this paper. (1) (1) the chemical types of the spring water in Urumqi are similar, the recharge height and the actual elevation are relatively small, and the runoff time and distance are short after recharge, and some are direct recharge of the atmospheric precipitation, which belong to shallow groundwater, and the content of SO42- ions in well and 4 springs is higher, and the water rock chemical equilibrium state is "partially balanced water" and groundwater. A part of the deep water is mixed and the circulation depth is large; the No. 15 spring water chemical type is complex, the water rock reaction is more fully, the supply elevation is lower than the actual elevation, the precipitation is recharged to the underground at the lower altitude, and the groundwater is recharged through underground circulation. (2) the No. 21 spring is caused by the surface water breakdown, circulation and excretion. After recharge of precipitation and surface water, the spring water is formed after a certain depth of circulation. (3) the 501 springs and 39 springs are type Na-Ca-SO4-Cl water, the water rock reaction is in the primary stage, the depth of the groundwater circulation is large, and the spring water is excreted after a certain depth of circulation after the water and surface water is supplemental. (4 In the North Tianshan Sha Wan, in the seismic fluid monitoring points of Wusu and bole, the collected water samples are mixed with different degrees of deep water, the depth of the groundwater circulation is larger, the runoff path is longer and the age of the groundwater is more than 500 years. (5) the formation mechanism of the fault springs in Nilka and Turks is similar, all of which are after the recharge of atmospheric precipitation and ice snow water, The evidence of (6) age of tritium indicates that the monitoring points are mostly "sub modern" groundwater, which is suitable for monitoring the seismic information of the chemical components of groundwater. In order to better apply the above methods and theories to concrete work, the fourth chapter takes the No. 10 spring as an example, and combines the day with the day. The monitoring data of the monitoring point have been analyzed and evaluated. It is considered that the monitoring data of the 10 spring is stable, the regularity is good, the groundwater is mixed, the degree of water one rock reaction and the age of groundwater are moderate, it is more suitable to carry out the precursory observation of the earthquake underground fluid, and it is easier to obtain the anomaly information of the earthquake precursors at various stages. The study on the hydrogeological environment of the lower fluid monitoring points will help to promote the application of hydrochemistry, environmental isotopes and groundwater dating in the field of seismic monitoring, especially the technology of groundwater dating, although its application in the research of seismic underground fluid science is still less, but according to the examples of related disciplines, this technique is used. There should be a wide range of prospects for application.
【学位授予单位】：中国地震局地壳应力研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P315.723

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