测井约束地震拓频方法技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 19:30

【摘要】：随着科学技术的快速发展,石油资源在能源工业领域扮演的角色越来越重要,这就需要国家投入更多的人力物力去进行老油田的滚动开发研究。通过对老油田进行精细处理解释以及剩余油的有效开采,可以提升老油田的采收率。但是现代地震资料的分辨率仍然无法满足日益复杂的地下地层研究要求,在老油田的精细解释过程中,高分辨率的地震资料就显得尤为重要。提升地震资料的分辨率,对有效地进行地层构造信息、油气储层等地质目标体精细解释的意义重大。当前日益快速发展的地震勘探技术为油气田勘探开发提供了相当丰富的多尺度地球物理资料,如测井、钻井、井间地震、VSP等资料,给地震勘探技术的发展带了无限的可能。以已知地质规律为前提,研究地面地震、井间地震和测井等多尺度地球物理资料联合拓频方法,拓展地面地震资料频带宽度,提高地震资料的分辨率,对于油气田开发及老油田的精细描述具有全新的意义。为了获取高分辨率的地震资料和更加详细的储层信息,往往将测井资料与地面地震联合起来进行拓频处理。测井资料频带较宽,高频噪声多,有很好的纵向分辨,横向分辨能力有限,其频带范围大部分超出了地面地震的范围。因此要求首先要将高分辨率的测井资料降频到低分辨率的地震道信息,使测井资料在地震频带范围内与井旁地震道相互匹配。为此提出了一种测井反射系数序列的步进迭代方法,在井旁地震道的约束作用下,使测井资料计算出的反射系数序列与估算子波的褶积不断接近井旁地震道,最后得到一个与井旁地震道相匹配的反射系数序列。该反射系数序列既包含地面地震的信息,同时也有测井资料的高频成分信息。利用这些反射系数序列与井旁道求取井位处的匹配因子,并对匹配因子进行空变处理得到三维空间内连续性和稳定性较好的空变匹配因子。基于空变匹配因子与三维地震的关系建立三维约束数据体作为拓频的约束条件,对三维地震数据进行了拓频处理,实现了测井资料引导和加强三维地震资料中的有效信号,提高地震资料分辨率。通过实际资料数据和模型数据的处理验证了该方法的可行性。通过研究认为,(1)原始测井资料经过步进迭代后得到的反射系数序列,在地震资料的中低频成分上与地震资料匹配了起来,这样使得迭代后的测井反射系数同时携带测井和地面地震的信息,达到了两种资料有效结合的目的;(2)通过优化匹配因子的空变算法,得到的空边匹配因子在连续性与稳定性都达到了要求,更加符合地球物理资料的地质特征;(3)由多尺度地球物理资料建立起的匹配约束数据体宽带约束反演后得到高分辨率的地震数据,对其进行频谱分析显示出,地震资料提高了高频成分的同时低频成分也有所损失;(4)地震资料的低频成分对于刻画地层深部构造有着十分重要的意义,因此拓频过程中地震资料的低频成分应该受到保护。对地震数据进行低频补偿后,使得地面地震资料在拓展高频成分的同时低频成分也受到了保留,从而全方位的拓展了地震资料的频带范围,地震资料的质量有了很大的改善。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, the role of oil resources in the field of energy industry is becoming more and more important, which requires the country to invest more manpower and material resources to carry out the rolling development and research of the old oil fields. Through the fine processing and interpretation of the old oil fields and the effective exploitation of the remaining oil, the recovery rate of the old oil fields can be promoted. The resolution of the seismic data is still unable to meet the increasingly complex research requirements for underground strata. In the fine interpretation process of the old oilfield, the high resolution seismic data is particularly important. It is of great significance to improve the resolution of seismic data and to effectively carry out the fine interpretation of geological targets, such as formation structure information and oil and gas reservoirs. At present, the rapid development of seismic exploration technology provides abundant multi scale geophysical data for the exploration and development of oil and gas fields, such as logging, drilling, interwell seismic, VSP and other data, which have unlimited potential for the development of seismic exploration technology. The combined frequency method of geophysical data, extending the bandwidth of the ground seismic data and improving the resolution of seismic data, is of new significance to the development of oil and gas fields and the fine description of the old oil fields. In order to obtain high resolution seismic data and more detailed reservoir information, the logging data are often combined with ground earthquakes. Frequency processing. Well logging data has a wide frequency band, high frequency noise, good longitudinal resolution and limited lateral resolution. Most of its band range exceeds the range of ground earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to first reduce the high resolution log data to low resolution seismic information, so that well logging data are in the range of seismic frequency band and well beside the well. A step iterative method for the sequence of well logging reflection coefficient is proposed. Under the constraint of the well side seismic channel, the reflection coefficient sequence calculated by the well logging data and the convolution of the estimated wavelet are close to the near well seismic channel. Finally, a reflection coefficient sequence matching the well side seismic channel is obtained. The coefficient sequence includes both the information of the ground earthquake and the high frequency component information of the well logging data. Using these reflection coefficient sequences and well by-pass to obtain the matching factors at the well location, and the space variable processing of the matching factors to get the space variable matching factor with better continuity and stability in the three-dimensional space. Based on the space variable matching factor and three The relationship between the 3D seismic data and the three-dimensional seismic data is established as the constraint condition of the extension. The three-dimensional seismic data is extended frequency processing. The effective signal in the 3D seismic data is guided and strengthened, and the resolution of seismic data is improved. The feasibility of the method is verified through the processing of the actual data data and the model data. After research, (1) the reflection coefficient sequence of the original log data is matched with the seismic data in the medium and low frequency components of the seismic data, so that the logging reflection coefficient after the iteration simultaneously carries the information of the logging and ground earthquakes, reaching the purpose of the effective combination of the two kinds of data; (2) through the optimization of the match. The space side matching factor of the matching factor has reached the requirement of continuity and stability, which is more consistent with the geological characteristics of geophysical data. (3) the seismic data of high resolution rate are obtained after the matching constrained data body broadband constraints established by multi-scale geophysical data, and the spectrum analysis shows that the seismic data of the geophysical data are analyzed. The seismic data increase the high frequency components while the low frequency components are also lost; (4) the low-frequency components of the seismic data are very important to depict the deep structure of the strata, so the low-frequency components of the seismic data should be protected in the process of the frequency extension. At the same time, the low frequency components of the components are also preserved, so that the range of seismic data is expanded in all directions, and the quality of seismic data has been greatly improved.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.81;P631.4

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