土耳其西部深部构造及其与区域地热异常分布的关系
发布时间：2018-07-31 16:12
【摘要】：研究区位于土耳其西部,在构造位置处于欧亚板块南缘。自晚渐新世-早中新世以来,由于非洲板块和阿拉伯板块向该地区的北向俯冲,使该地区处于弧后伸展的构造应力场;同时由于东部阿拉伯板块的俯冲速度更快,使得研究区的地壳在南北向的拉伸过程中同时向西运动。研究区地壳的持续拉伸减薄,使其成为全球范围内地壳变形最剧烈、活动断层最活跃、地震发震最频繁、地热资源最丰富的地区之一。地热能是新能源中最稳定最清洁的能源之一,近年来已成为国内外的研究热点。地热发电具有收益可靠和投资巨大等特点,对于区域热田成因机制的充分研究,在地热发电的投资决策、装机容量设计和风险控制中极为关键。本文使用快速波前推进射线追踪法和子空间迭代算法精细反演了研究区深度40km以上的地壳-上地幔速度结构,并发现研究区深部15-50km范围内存在低速体,结合区域大地电磁测深资料,推断为未完全固结的岩浆囊;使用gCAP方法对土耳其西部-爱琴海地区进行了震源机制求解,研究了整个区域的地震断层类型;并在此基础上,对重点热田区域进行了精细的震源机制求解,发现研究区的地震断层以正断层为主;使用SATSI程序精细反演了研究区的现今构造应力场,发现研究区代尼兹利盆地受南北向拉伸和自东向西的挤压的双重作用下,应力状态不均一,是该地区地震多发的主要原因;以典型区域代尼兹利盆地为例,综合使用大地电磁法、水文地球化学方法和同位素地球化学方法,建立了其地热成因模型,并对热田的热储、盖层、热源、补给水源和热田参数等进行了论述;系统搜集了区域所有热田的地热数据,绘制了研究区的大地热流值图、地温梯度图、泉口温度分布图和热储温度分布图,系统说明了研究区的地热异常分布特征与规律,并发现库拉火山群有着区域内最高的大地热流值,结合深部构造,其可能是新近纪-第四纪以来地幔物质上涌的主要通道;在上述基础上,对区域地热异常分布的地质学成因,如地层分布与热储展布、火山活动与热田热量来源、以及活动断层对热田的控热机制进行了系统阐述;对地热异常分布的深部构造成因,如壳幔速度结构、电性结构、居里面深度和重力异常所代表的深部构造进行了系统阐述,对地热异常的动力学机制进行了系统阐述;在此基础上,建立了研究的地热异常的综合成因机制模型。本文的创新点在于:基于海量地震事件的地震层析成像,对研究区深度40km以上的P波、S波速度结构和泊松比进行了精细反演,并精细刻画了研究区地下岩浆囊的空间分布形态;通过震源机制求解,建立了研究区精细的现今构造应力场;对代尼兹利热田的成因机制和热田属性进行了研究;系统搜集区域最新的地热资料,结合代尼兹利盆地热田情况,阐明了区域的地热异常分布特征与规律;从地质成因、深部构造和构造应力场等方面,系统探讨了地热异常分布的成因机制;建立了整个土耳其西部的地热异常综合成因模型。
[Abstract]:The study area is located in Western Turkey and is located in the southern margin of the Eurasian plate. Since the late Oligocene to the early Miocene, the region was in a tectonic stress field extending back to arc due to the subduction of the African plate and the Arabia plate to the north of the region, and the subduction rate of the eastern Arabia plate was faster, making the crust of the study area. The continuous stretching of the north-south direction moves westward at the same time. The continuous stretching of the crust in the study area has been thinner and thinner, making it one of the regions with the most intense crustal deformation, active faults, most frequent earthquakes and one of the most abundant geothermal resources in the world. Geothermal energy is one of the most stable and clean energy in the new energy, which has become a domestic one in recent years. The geothermal power generation has the characteristics of reliable income and huge investment. It is very important for the research of the genetic mechanism of the hot field in the region, the investment decision of the geothermal power generation, the design of the installed capacity and the risk control. This paper uses the fast wave front propulsion ray tracing method and the subspace iterative algorithm to accurately retrieve the depth of the study area. The velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle above 40km is found, and it is found that there is a low velocity body in the deep 15-50km range of the study area. Combining with the regional magnetotelluric sounding data, it is deduced that the magma capsule is not completely consolidated, and the source mechanism of the western Turkey Aegean Sea area is solved by using the method of seismic source, and the type of seismic fault in the whole region is studied. On this basis, the fine seismic source mechanism of the key hot field area is solved. It is found that the seismic faults in the study area are mainly normal faults, and the SATSI program is used to accurately retrieve the present tectonic stress field of the study area. It is found that the stress state of the Denizli Basin in the study area is not uniform under the double action of North-South stretching and east to West extrusion. First, it is the main cause of earthquake occurrence in this area. Taking the Denizli basin as an example, the geothermal model is established by using magnetotelluric method, hydrogeochemical method and isotope geochemistry method, and the thermal reservoir, cover layer, heat source, water source and hot field parameters are discussed, and the system has been collected. The geothermal data of all hot fields in the field have drawn the geothermal flow chart of the study area, the geothermal gradient map, the temperature distribution map of the spring mouth and the distribution map of the thermal storage temperature. The geothermal anomaly distribution characteristics and laws of the study area are illustrated systematically, and it is found that the highest geothermal flow in the region is found in the area of the Qula volcano, which may be a new Neogene with the deep structure. The main channel of mantle material upwelling since the Quaternary; on the basis of the above, the geological origin of abnormal distribution of regional geothermal distribution, such as formation distribution and thermal reservoir distribution, volcanic activity and heat source of hot field, and the heat control mechanism of active faults on hot fields are systematically expounded, and the deep tectonic origin of geothermal anomaly distribution, such as crust mantle velocity, is discussed. The deep structure represented by the degree structure, the electrical structure, the deep and the gravity anomaly is systematically expounded, and the dynamic mechanism of the geothermal anomaly is systematically expounded. On this basis, the comprehensive genetic mechanism model of the geothermal anomaly has been established. The innovation point of this paper is the seismic tomography based on massive earthquake events, The fine inversion of P wave, S wave velocity structure and Poisson's ratio above the depth of 40km in the study area is carried out, and the spatial distribution of the underground magma capsule in the study area is fine depicted. The fine current tectonic stress field in the study area is established by the source mechanism, and the genetic mechanism and hot field properties of the Denizli hot field are studied. Collecting the latest geothermal data in the region and combining the situation of the hot field in the Denizli basin, the characteristics and laws of the geothermal anomaly distribution in the region are clarified, and the genetic mechanism of the geothermal anomaly distribution is systematically discussed from geological causes, deep structures and tectonic stress fields, and a comprehensive genetic model of geothermal anomaly in the whole of Western Turkey has been established.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P314;P542.5
本文编号：2156111
[Abstract]:The study area is located in Western Turkey and is located in the southern margin of the Eurasian plate. Since the late Oligocene to the early Miocene, the region was in a tectonic stress field extending back to arc due to the subduction of the African plate and the Arabia plate to the north of the region, and the subduction rate of the eastern Arabia plate was faster, making the crust of the study area. The continuous stretching of the north-south direction moves westward at the same time. The continuous stretching of the crust in the study area has been thinner and thinner, making it one of the regions with the most intense crustal deformation, active faults, most frequent earthquakes and one of the most abundant geothermal resources in the world. Geothermal energy is one of the most stable and clean energy in the new energy, which has become a domestic one in recent years. The geothermal power generation has the characteristics of reliable income and huge investment. It is very important for the research of the genetic mechanism of the hot field in the region, the investment decision of the geothermal power generation, the design of the installed capacity and the risk control. This paper uses the fast wave front propulsion ray tracing method and the subspace iterative algorithm to accurately retrieve the depth of the study area. The velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle above 40km is found, and it is found that there is a low velocity body in the deep 15-50km range of the study area. Combining with the regional magnetotelluric sounding data, it is deduced that the magma capsule is not completely consolidated, and the source mechanism of the western Turkey Aegean Sea area is solved by using the method of seismic source, and the type of seismic fault in the whole region is studied. On this basis, the fine seismic source mechanism of the key hot field area is solved. It is found that the seismic faults in the study area are mainly normal faults, and the SATSI program is used to accurately retrieve the present tectonic stress field of the study area. It is found that the stress state of the Denizli Basin in the study area is not uniform under the double action of North-South stretching and east to West extrusion. First, it is the main cause of earthquake occurrence in this area. Taking the Denizli basin as an example, the geothermal model is established by using magnetotelluric method, hydrogeochemical method and isotope geochemistry method, and the thermal reservoir, cover layer, heat source, water source and hot field parameters are discussed, and the system has been collected. The geothermal data of all hot fields in the field have drawn the geothermal flow chart of the study area, the geothermal gradient map, the temperature distribution map of the spring mouth and the distribution map of the thermal storage temperature. The geothermal anomaly distribution characteristics and laws of the study area are illustrated systematically, and it is found that the highest geothermal flow in the region is found in the area of the Qula volcano, which may be a new Neogene with the deep structure. The main channel of mantle material upwelling since the Quaternary; on the basis of the above, the geological origin of abnormal distribution of regional geothermal distribution, such as formation distribution and thermal reservoir distribution, volcanic activity and heat source of hot field, and the heat control mechanism of active faults on hot fields are systematically expounded, and the deep tectonic origin of geothermal anomaly distribution, such as crust mantle velocity, is discussed. The deep structure represented by the degree structure, the electrical structure, the deep and the gravity anomaly is systematically expounded, and the dynamic mechanism of the geothermal anomaly is systematically expounded. On this basis, the comprehensive genetic mechanism model of the geothermal anomaly has been established. The innovation point of this paper is the seismic tomography based on massive earthquake events, The fine inversion of P wave, S wave velocity structure and Poisson's ratio above the depth of 40km in the study area is carried out, and the spatial distribution of the underground magma capsule in the study area is fine depicted. The fine current tectonic stress field in the study area is established by the source mechanism, and the genetic mechanism and hot field properties of the Denizli hot field are studied. Collecting the latest geothermal data in the region and combining the situation of the hot field in the Denizli basin, the characteristics and laws of the geothermal anomaly distribution in the region are clarified, and the genetic mechanism of the geothermal anomaly distribution is systematically discussed from geological causes, deep structures and tectonic stress fields, and a comprehensive genetic model of geothermal anomaly in the whole of Western Turkey has been established.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P314;P542.5
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