强震区汶川县地质灾害危险性评价研究
发布时间：2018-08-07 12:44
【摘要】：5.12特大地震,汶川县作为震源中心区域,其境内不仅诱发了大量的地震滑坡灾害,地表与生态环境更是遭受近乎毁灭性的破坏,大量的松散岩土体堆积在沟谷之内。在震后数年时间,地表环境恢复缓慢,特别在高陡的山区,植被恢复尤显困难。加之在余震,强降雨及人类工程活动等影响之下,很多潜在不稳定斜坡进而失稳形成滑坡,原有滑坡的地方也诱发再次滑坡,沟谷中大量松散物质随水流冲刷而下形成泥石流灾害。特别近年汛期内,汶川县多次爆发群发性泥石流灾害,堵断河流,冲毁房屋、桥梁,淤埋道路,给当地居民造成了难以想象的损害。总结而言,在震后很长一段时间内,汶川县将处于滑坡、泥石流灾害频发多发期。基于此,本文以汶川县为例,依托于中国地质调查局地质调查工作项目—“西南地区重大地质灾害调查评价与早期预警综合研究”,在对全县滑坡、泥石流灾害进行遥感解译的基础上,采用GIS与数学模型结合、GIS与数值模拟结合两大类技术方法分别完成汶川全县滑坡危险性评价、汶川全县泥石流危险性评价、映秀地区滑坡危险性评价以及汶川县城泥石流危险性评价四个不同区域、不同空间尺度的地质灾害危险性评价研究。本文研究以给予当地政府适当的规划建设与防灾减灾参考为现实目的,其主要收获有以下几点:1、统计分析研究区滑坡灾害分布现状基于全县近年遥感影像与航拍照片,在野外调查的协助下,本文对全县滑坡灾害进行了点状解译,对映秀地区滑坡进行面状解译。本文以解译灾害点为统计样本,分别对滑坡在地层岩性、地震烈度带、距离水系距离、坡度、高程等因子上的分布进行统计归纳。这些滑坡的分布情况不仅仅为此次滑坡危险性评价分区提供基础的信息参考,同时也为未来震后滑坡发育特征研究提供了良好的依据。2、论述了多种评价单元在区域性的评价分析中,最为基础性的工作便是选择一个合理的评价单元。本文在综合考虑了空间尺度、灾害性质等因素,选取了栅格单元、斜坡单元与集水单元三类单元作为基础评价单元,在论述其各自特征的基础上,采用它们分别完成了汶川全县滑坡、泥石流灾害的危险性评价与制图。由此为以后区域地质灾害危险性评价单元的选取问题提供了有益的参考。3、尝试多种危险性评价手段本文将危险性定义为易发性与时间频率的乘积综合,即危险性=易发性×时间频率。这便从定义上突破了国内部分学者将易发性与危险性等同的概念定义,将危险性视作一种可随时间动态变化的一种属性。对于滑坡灾害,本文在滑坡易发性的基础上引入滑坡点核密度与降雨分布两类因素间接描述滑坡的时间频率,其中滑坡点核密度是滑坡活动强度的量化表述,其基础理论是在滑坡频发多发区域,其环境破坏应越加严重,在越短的时间段内该区域发生滑坡的可能性也理应高于其它区域。最后综合易发与频率两大因素计算区域滑坡危险性。至于全县泥石流灾害,本文则探索性地从先天条件(地形地貌),后天储备(物源状态)与活动频率(触发频率)三个宏观层面综合评判泥石流危险性。最后以集水流域为包容单元,分析归纳全县各区域面临的泥石流灾害危险性。至于汶川县城两条泥石流沟(南沟、羊岭沟),本文则采用数值模拟的方式完成泥石流危险性评价与区域划分工作。4、危险性分区本文以汶川全县、映秀地区与汶川县城区域三个区域作为研究区,从不同的空间尺度上完成了三个区域滑坡、泥石流灾害的危险性等级区划工作,其中包括全县滑坡危险性分区、全县泥石流危险性分区、映秀地区滑坡危险性分区以及汶川县城泥石流堆积区危险性分区。此类区划工作为汶川县政府实施防灾减灾与工程建设工作提供有益的参考建议。
[Abstract]:5.12 great earthquake, Wenchuan County as the center of the center of the earthquake, its territory not only induced a large number of earthquake landslides, the surface and the ecological environment are almost devastating, a large number of loose rock mass accumulated in the valley. In the years after the earthquake, the surface environment is slow, especially in the high and steep mountains, the vegetation recovery is especially obvious. In addition to the influence of aftershocks, heavy rainfall and human engineering activities, many potential unstable slopes then destabilized to form landslides, and the landslides caused landslides again. A large number of loose materials in the valley were washed down with the flow of debris and formed debris flow. In recent years, in the flood season, Wenchuan County broke out of mass debris flow many times. Damage, plugging and breaking rivers, destroying houses, bridges, and buried roads have caused unimaginable damage to the local residents. In summary, Wenchuan county will be in a long period of time after the earthquake, and the debris flow disasters frequently occur. Based on this, this article takes Wenchuan County as an example, according to the geological survey work project of the China Geological Survey - "southwest" On the basis of remote sensing interpretation of the county landslides and debris flow disasters, GIS and mathematical models are combined with two major technical methods, GIS and numerical simulation are combined to complete the landslide hazard assessment in Wenchuan County, and the risk assessment of debris flow in Wenchuan County, Yingxiu, on the basis of remote sensing interpretation of the county landslides and debris flow disasters. The risk assessment of regional landslides and the risk assessment of debris flow hazard in Wenchuan County four different regions and different spatial scales of hazard assessment of geological hazards. This study aims to give local government appropriate planning and construction and disaster prevention and mitigation reference. The main results are as follows: 1, landslide disaster in statistical analysis and research area The present situation of the damage distribution is based on the remote sensing image and aerial photograph of the county in recent years. With the assistance of the field survey, the landslide disaster in the county is interpreted in this paper, and the landslide in Yingxiu area is interpreted face-to-face. This paper takes the interpretation of the disaster points as the statistical samples, and respectively to the stratigraphic rock, seismic intensity zone, distance water distance, slope, elevation respectively. The distribution of these factors is summed up. The distribution of these landslides not only provides information for the basis of the landslide hazard assessment division, but also provides a good basis for the study of the development characteristics of the future post earthquake landslides, and discusses the most basic work in the regional evaluation and analysis of a variety of evaluation units. In this paper, a reasonable evaluation unit is chosen. In this paper, the grid unit, the slope unit and the water collecting unit are selected as the basic evaluation units, which are taken into consideration of the spatial scale and the nature of the disaster. On the basis of their respective characteristics, the landslide hazard assessment of the Wenchuan county and the debris flow hazard is completed respectively. Price and mapping provide a useful reference for the selection of regional geological hazard risk assessment unit (.3), and a variety of risk assessment methods are tried to define the risk as the product synthesis of the susceptibility to time and frequency, that is, risk = prone x time frequency. The concept definition of the equivalent of risk and hair is considered as a kind of property that can change dynamically with time. For landslide disaster, this paper describes the time frequency of landslide indirectly by introducing two factors of landslide point nuclear density and rainfall distribution on the basis of landslide susceptibility. The core density of landslides is the quantification of landslide activity intensity. The basic theory is that the basic theory is in the frequent occurrence area of landslide, its environmental damage should be more serious, and the possibility of landslide in the region should be higher than other regions in the shorter time period. Finally, the landslide hazard is calculated by two factors that are easy to hair and frequency. As for the whole county debris flow disaster, this article explores from the innate bar. The hazard of debris flow is evaluated synthetically by the three macro levels, such as topographic and geomorphology, day after day reserve (source state) and activity frequency (triggering frequency). Finally, the hazard of debris flow disaster in all regions of the county is analyzed and summed up with water catchment basin as an inclusive unit. As for the two debris flow gully (south ditch, Yang Ling Gou) in Wenchuan County, the numerical model is used in this paper. The risk assessment and regional division work of debris flow are completed by the proposed method.4. In this paper, three regions of Wenchuan County, Yingxiu area and Wenchuan county area are taken as research areas in this paper, and three regional landslides and dangerous grade zoning of debris flow disasters are completed from different spatial scales, including the landslide hazard in the county. The zoning, the hazard zoning of the whole county debris flow, the landslide hazard zoning in Yingxiu area and the hazard zoning of the debris flow accumulation area in the Wenchuan county city provide useful reference for the government of Wenchuan county to implement the disaster prevention and disaster reduction and the construction work.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P694
本文编号：2170062
[Abstract]:5.12 great earthquake, Wenchuan County as the center of the center of the earthquake, its territory not only induced a large number of earthquake landslides, the surface and the ecological environment are almost devastating, a large number of loose rock mass accumulated in the valley. In the years after the earthquake, the surface environment is slow, especially in the high and steep mountains, the vegetation recovery is especially obvious. In addition to the influence of aftershocks, heavy rainfall and human engineering activities, many potential unstable slopes then destabilized to form landslides, and the landslides caused landslides again. A large number of loose materials in the valley were washed down with the flow of debris and formed debris flow. In recent years, in the flood season, Wenchuan County broke out of mass debris flow many times. Damage, plugging and breaking rivers, destroying houses, bridges, and buried roads have caused unimaginable damage to the local residents. In summary, Wenchuan county will be in a long period of time after the earthquake, and the debris flow disasters frequently occur. Based on this, this article takes Wenchuan County as an example, according to the geological survey work project of the China Geological Survey - "southwest" On the basis of remote sensing interpretation of the county landslides and debris flow disasters, GIS and mathematical models are combined with two major technical methods, GIS and numerical simulation are combined to complete the landslide hazard assessment in Wenchuan County, and the risk assessment of debris flow in Wenchuan County, Yingxiu, on the basis of remote sensing interpretation of the county landslides and debris flow disasters. The risk assessment of regional landslides and the risk assessment of debris flow hazard in Wenchuan County four different regions and different spatial scales of hazard assessment of geological hazards. This study aims to give local government appropriate planning and construction and disaster prevention and mitigation reference. The main results are as follows: 1, landslide disaster in statistical analysis and research area The present situation of the damage distribution is based on the remote sensing image and aerial photograph of the county in recent years. With the assistance of the field survey, the landslide disaster in the county is interpreted in this paper, and the landslide in Yingxiu area is interpreted face-to-face. This paper takes the interpretation of the disaster points as the statistical samples, and respectively to the stratigraphic rock, seismic intensity zone, distance water distance, slope, elevation respectively. The distribution of these factors is summed up. The distribution of these landslides not only provides information for the basis of the landslide hazard assessment division, but also provides a good basis for the study of the development characteristics of the future post earthquake landslides, and discusses the most basic work in the regional evaluation and analysis of a variety of evaluation units. In this paper, a reasonable evaluation unit is chosen. In this paper, the grid unit, the slope unit and the water collecting unit are selected as the basic evaluation units, which are taken into consideration of the spatial scale and the nature of the disaster. On the basis of their respective characteristics, the landslide hazard assessment of the Wenchuan county and the debris flow hazard is completed respectively. Price and mapping provide a useful reference for the selection of regional geological hazard risk assessment unit (.3), and a variety of risk assessment methods are tried to define the risk as the product synthesis of the susceptibility to time and frequency, that is, risk = prone x time frequency. The concept definition of the equivalent of risk and hair is considered as a kind of property that can change dynamically with time. For landslide disaster, this paper describes the time frequency of landslide indirectly by introducing two factors of landslide point nuclear density and rainfall distribution on the basis of landslide susceptibility. The core density of landslides is the quantification of landslide activity intensity. The basic theory is that the basic theory is in the frequent occurrence area of landslide, its environmental damage should be more serious, and the possibility of landslide in the region should be higher than other regions in the shorter time period. Finally, the landslide hazard is calculated by two factors that are easy to hair and frequency. As for the whole county debris flow disaster, this article explores from the innate bar. The hazard of debris flow is evaluated synthetically by the three macro levels, such as topographic and geomorphology, day after day reserve (source state) and activity frequency (triggering frequency). Finally, the hazard of debris flow disaster in all regions of the county is analyzed and summed up with water catchment basin as an inclusive unit. As for the two debris flow gully (south ditch, Yang Ling Gou) in Wenchuan County, the numerical model is used in this paper. The risk assessment and regional division work of debris flow are completed by the proposed method.4. In this paper, three regions of Wenchuan County, Yingxiu area and Wenchuan county area are taken as research areas in this paper, and three regional landslides and dangerous grade zoning of debris flow disasters are completed from different spatial scales, including the landslide hazard in the county. The zoning, the hazard zoning of the whole county debris flow, the landslide hazard zoning in Yingxiu area and the hazard zoning of the debris flow accumulation area in the Wenchuan county city provide useful reference for the government of Wenchuan county to implement the disaster prevention and disaster reduction and the construction work.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P694
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